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Background: Global stroke epidemiology is changing rapidly. Although age-standardized rates of stroke mortality have decreased worldwide in the past 2 decades, the absolute numbers of people who have a stroke every year, and live with the consequences of stroke or die from their stroke, are increasing. Regular updates on the current level of stroke burden are important for advancing our knowledge
Innovation is the source of new products and processes that expand the frontiers of competition. Advancements in technology are continuously occurring throughout the world as firms seek to develop new ideas for their products, services and markets. Most technology licensing is pro-competitive and should be encouraged by competition authorities. Nevertheless, in legal and economic spheres the conne
The global music market is huge. Record companies make their money by exploiting the copyright in the music and lyrics of artists signed to their labels. Now the music industry is taking its first tentative steps into cyberspace and at stake is a potentially lucrative method of distributing music in a new way. First, however, significant difficulties need to be overcome, not the least concerning t
This Master’s Thesis, under the Division of Machine Design at Lund Institute of Technology, was conducted at Presona AB located in Tomelilla, Sweden during the first half of 2006. Presona AB is a leading manufacturer of equipment for handling and compression of waste. The object of the thesis is to reduce the manufacturing cost of Presona’s heavy duty stationary compactor. This is acquired by rede
Abstract in UndeterminedAccurate estimation of forest net primary productivity (NPP), biomass, and their sensitivity to changes in temperature and precipitation is important for understanding the fluxes and pools of terrestrial carbon resulting from anthropogenically driven climate change. The objectives of this study were to (1) estimate potential forest NPP and biomass for New England using a re
Popular Abstract in Swedish Parallellt med att kommunerna under 1990-talet fick ett utvidgat ansvar för t.ex. vården av och omsorgen om äldre och funktionshindrade gavs de större frihet att lokalt bestämma över sina organisationsformer. Omständigheterna ledde till ett starkt kommunalt reformtryck, inte minst genom de reformförslag som på olika sätt och i varierande grad utmanade den traditionella The 1990s was a period characterized by a strong pressure for reform in the Swedish municipalities. The care manager reform, i.e. the initiation of a position within the administration - the care manager - whose work tasks are concentrated around needs-assessment practices only, was one of many reform proposals. Within a fairly short time span a great number of municipalities decided to implement
Popular Abstract in Swedish Depression är ett allvarligt och potentiellt förödande hälsoproblem som drabbar flera miljontals människor i världen. Trots framsteg inom depressionsforskningen återstår flera frågor kring varför vissa individer upplever depression, och andra inte, och varför vissa blir hjälpta av behandling, och andra inte. Den forskning som rapporteras här tar som utgångspunkt hypotesDepression is a serious and potentially devastating health problem, impacting millions of individuals worldwide. Although advances have been made in depression research, there remain a number of outstanding questions as to why certain individuals experience depression and why some respond to treatment and others do not. The present research takes a starting-point in the hypothesis that the existen
Localization is an important enabling technology for many applications, such as wireless sensor networks, emergency rescue services, civil defense and transportation. Suppose that a room is equipped with several microphones (or sensors), and one person is making a sound while moving around in the room. Can one find microphone and sound source positions as well as reconstruct a room geometry? The a
This is the fifth annual report of the Swedish Butterfly Monitoring Scheme, a national monitoring programme coordinated by Lund University for the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency since 2010. The programme is a partnership between the Entomological Society of Sweden, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Lund University, the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and the Swedish
Accurate knowledge about the amount and dynamics of terrestrial gross primary productivity is an important component for understanding of ecosystem functioning and processes. Recently a new diagnostic model, Southampton Carbon Flux (SCARF), was developed to predict terrestrial gross primary productivity at regional to global scale based on a chlorophyll index derived from MERIS data. The model aim
Popular Abstract in Swedish För att vi ska kunna lösa globala problem som miljöförstöring och fattigdom är det många som menar att den privata sektorn måste involveras på ett aktivt sätt. I den här avhandlingen, som består av en introduktion och fem vetenskapliga artiklar som tidigare publicerats i internationella tidskrifter, studeras ett exempel på hur privata aktörer faktiskt redan involverats It is commonly argued that the private sector needs to become actively involved for society to stand a chance of solving the most pressing global problems. This thesis, consisting of five articles previously published in refereed journals and an introductory essay, studies one case of private actor participation in global environmental governance: the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism (
Importance: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital malformation in humans worldwide. Circulating cardiovascular biomarkers could potentially improve the early detection of CHD, even in asymptomatic newborns. Objectives: To assess the performance of a dried blood spot (DBS) test to measure the cardiovascular biomarker amino terminal fragment of the prohormone brain-type natriu
Introduction Intimate partner violence (IPV) is regarded an important public health and human rights issue, characterized by physical, sexual or emotional abuse. Globally more than one in three women report physical or sexual violence by their intimate partners. Though the association between IPV and depression is known, we found no study investigating depression as a risk factor for IPV and very
Insect herbivory can have important consequences for the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Despite a growing recognition of the role of herbivores in above-ground–below-ground interactions, our current understanding is mainly restricted to studies of vertebrates in grassland and tundra ecosystems, while ecosystems with tree-like canopies (termed forests below) and invertebrates remain underst
Climate change models predict an increase in the intensity and frequency of drought periods as well as precipitation events. Moisture and its fluctuations have a large impact on soil microorganisms, which are key drivers of the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle. When there is a drought period followed by a rainfall event there is a big CO2 release from soil to the atmosphere, which can dominate the C b
Background: Telemedicine innovations are rarely adopted into routine health care, the reasons for which are not well understood. Teleguidance, a promising service for remote surgical guidance during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was due to be scaled up, but there were concerns that user attitudes might influence adoption. Objective: Our objective was to gain a deeper unders
Land cover governs the biogeophysical and biogeochemical feedbacks between the land surface and atmosphere. Holocene vegetation-atmosphere interactions are of particular interest, both to understand the climate effects of intensifying human land use and as a possible explanation for the Holocene temperature conundrum, a widely studied mismatch between simulated and reconstructed temperatures. Prog
The number of users and the information transmitted over wireless networks have been growing constantly during the last decades. Nowadays, the pace of this growth is extremely sharp because of the new applications which heavily rely on wireless networks to meet users' demands. Wireless networks infrastructures are constantly developing to meet these demands. Massive multiple-input multiple-output
In this thesis, we address three main security problems related to cryptography andcloud storage. To tackle the challenge posed by a quantum computer, we needencryption that is resistant to quantum computers. This category of cryptographyis called post-quantum cryptography. In the first paper, we solve a challengein one of the lattice-based cryptographic protocols called Nth-degree Truncatedpolyno
BackgroundRecovery colleges were developed in England to support the recovery of individuals who have mental health symptoms or mental illness. They have been founded in many countries but there has been little international research on recovery colleges and no studies investigating their staffing, fidelity, or costs. We aimed to characterise recovery colleges internationally, to understand organi
