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This Master's thesis is a part of the present EC-project called WWAAC, World Wide Augmentative and Alternative Communication. WWAAC is a co-operation between a few companies and organisations in Europe that aim for making a larger part of Internet services more accessible for people with communication difficulties. The users are often not capable of reading, writing or speaking so they may use
During the last 10 years Sweden's municipalities have changed their eldercare organisation. From a traditional organisation with an executive official of aid who even had the staff responsibility in the execution to a separate or specialized organization where the official only have the exercise of public authority. The evaluators of aid (biståndsbedömare) have the title executive officials (b
Background: Sex and gender influence many aspects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Limited data are available on this topic in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD). We therefore aimed to investigate sex issues in the EARCO registry, a prospective, international, observational cohort study. Methods: Baseline data from PiZZ individuals, enrolled in the registry with complete data on
ObjectiveSputum cultures can guide antibiotic therapy, particularly in severe pneumonia or when resistant pathogens are suspected. However, data on how prior and ongoing antibiotic exposure affects microbial detection are limited. This study aimed to evaluate this impact, stratified by timing and route of administration.MethodsIn- and outpatients from nine hospitals in Skåne, Sweden, who submitted
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nonmetastatic (M0) clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) recurs in ∼20% of patients within 5 yr after surgery. With no biomarkers available, recurrence detection relies on radiological imaging. Urine glycosaminoglycan profiles (GAGomes) were previously associated with M0 ccRCC recurrence. We conducted an observational prospective multicentre diagnostic test cohort study
Mangrove plantations are crucial for carbon sequestration in global climate change mitigation efforts. However, the dynamics and partitioning of carbon stocks in the soil vegetation system in mangrove plantations are little understood. We assessed the carbon stocks across different plantation age groups, species, and sites. Our findings revealed that soil C concentration ranged from 0.4 to 1.5%, a
BACKGROUND: Accessibility to surgical services can impact earthquake preparedness and response. We aimed to estimate the population with timely access to surgical care in Guerrero, a Mexican state with high tectonic activity, and identify populations at risk in the event of an earthquake.METHODS: We conducted an ecological study using open government data. We extracted data from Guerrero municipal
In Sweden, the governance of healthcare is decentralized, so PC is provided with regional or local differences in organization, level of competence, and recourses. Ongoing regional and national initiative to increase quality of pediatric palliative care in Sweden aligns with the international standard of pediatric palliative care as a care directed towards all children with life-threatening or lif
Background: The use of life stories in dementia care has been described as a way of seeing every person as an individual, looking beyond their dementia. Life stories have become synonymous with high-quality care, while in Sweden their mere existence in dementia care settings is taken to indicate quality in national comparisons. Such life stories are often standardised, generated by a family member
The lifelong risk of stroke following adverse pregnancy outcomes, and potential causality, are unknown. This study examined five major adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term risk of stroke in a large population-based cohort. Methods A national cohort study was conducted of all 2 201 393 women with a singleton delivery in Sweden during 1973–2015, followed up for stroke through 2018. Cox regressio
Parasitoid wasps are major causes of mortality of many species, making host immune defences a common target of adaptive evolution, though such targets outside model species are poorly understood. In this study, we used two tests of positive selection to compare across three closely related Galerucella leaf beetles that show substantial differences in their phenotypic response to the shared parasit
Background: Dark skin and low exposure to sunlight increase the risk of Vitamin D insufficiency in children. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the amount of Vitamin D needed to ascertain that most children > 4 y of age attain sufficient serum25-hydroxyVitamin D [S-25(OH)D; i.e.,≥50 nmol/L] during winter regardless of latitude and skin color. Design: In a longitudinal, double-blind, r
OBJECTIVE: To assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a large multicenter cohort of children and young adults with Marfan syndrome participating in the Pediatric Heart Network Marfan Trial.STUDY DESIGN: The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 Generic Core Scales were administered to 321 subjects with Marfan syndrome (5-25 years). PedsQL scores were compared with healthy popul
INTRODUCTION: Differences in treatment and outcome have been reported for persons with haemophilia (PWH) on intermediate-dose (Dutch) and high-dose (Swedish) prophylaxis, but the potential influence of sports participation has not been considered.AIM: To compare sports participation and clinical outcome between adult Dutch and Swedish PWH.METHODS: Self-reported sports participation (type and frequ
Shaken baby syndrome has typically been associated with findings of subdural haematoma, retinal haemorrhages and encephalopathy, which are referred to as the triad. During the last decade, however, the certainty with which the triad can indicate that an infant has been violently shaken has been increasingly questioned. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the triad in
Context: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are cleaved by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4); plasma activity of DPP-4 may be increased in obesity. The impact of this increase on incretin hormone secretion and metabolism is not known. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess incretin hormone secretion and degradation in lean and obese nondiabet
The purpose of the study was to investigate whether baseline quality of life (QoL) and changes in QoL scores from baseline are prognostic for time to progression (TTP) and/or overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced breast cancer receiving docetaxel (T) or sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (MF). QoL was assessed at baseline and before each treatment using the European Organization
The scope for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) widens to consider not only water quality and cost, but also energy efficiency and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The on-going research project, “Development and dynamic analysis of operational strategies for enhanced energy efficiency of wastewater treatment systems” aims to develop a tool for integrated evaluation of energy efficiency and greenh
