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Observed declines in pollinator populations due to human pressures is of critical concern because pollination is an essential regulating ecosystem service (ES). Pollination has a major role in human food production and in maintaining flowering plant diversity. Estimating the pollination ES and its trends is thus essential for informing policy and management. However, the pollination ES remains poo
Background: Sundbyberg municipality (part of greater Stockholm) has reconstructed a traditional two-lane road, with an allowed speed limit of 30 km/h, into a road with one car lane and two bicycle lanes, one on either side of the car lane (a “two minus one road”). The aim was to increase traffic safety and accessibility, especially for bicyclists and pedestrians Method: The design used was a befor
In the CONVINCE trial, the primary analysis demonstrated a survival benefit for patients receiving high-dose hemodiafiltration (HDF) as compared with high-flux hemodialysis (HD). A secondary objective was to evaluate effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL); assessed in eight domains (physical function, cognitive function, fatigue, sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, pain interference
Industry 4.0, with its focus on flexibility and customizability, is pushing in the direction of wireless communication in future smart factories, in particular, massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) and its future evolution of large intelligent surfaces (LIS), which provide more reliable channel quality than previous technologies. At the same time, network slicing in 5G and beyond systems
Purpose of this paper: The cluster thinking in the humanitarian world has been suggested as a solution to the lack of coordinated disaster response in the past 10 years. Clusters on diverse functions including sheltering, logistics and water sanitation can be viewed as an effort of functional coordination, i.e. horizontal coordination within a functional area. The purpose of this paper is to contr
The effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in community mental healthcare has been shown to depend on the setting in which they are implemented. Recently structured patient-clinician communication was found to be effective in a multi-centre trial in six European countries, the DIALOG trial. In the overall study, differences between centres were controlled for, not studied. Here, we test wheth
Background: Health care policies in many countries aim to enable people with dementia to live in their own homes as long as possible. However, at some point during the disease the needs of a significant number of people with dementia cannot be appropriately met at home and institutional care is required. Evidence as to best practice strategies enabling people with dementia to live at home as long
Background: Alcohol use disorders (AUD) involving hazardous, harmful, and addictive misuse of alcohol are widespread in most parts of the world. The aim of this study was to review the effect of disulfiram in the treatment of patients with AUD. The effect of disulfiram was evaluated according to the primary outcome of an intake of alcohol below 30 and 20 g/d for men and women, respectively, as we
PURPOSE: The frequency of activated protein C (APC) resistance, caused by factor V R506Q gene mutation and abnormal APC ratio, in patients with peripheral vascular diseases was analyzed. METHODS: All patients electively admitted to the vascular ward unit of our tertiary care academic medical center from January 1995 through October 1996 (n = 679) were prospectively analyzed using an APC-resistance
Isoprene is a highly reactive volatile organic compound emitted by vegetation, known to be a precursor of secondary organic aerosols and to enhance tropospheric ozone formation under polluted conditions. Isoprene emissions respond strongly to changes in meteorological parameters such as temperature and solar radiation. In addition, the increasing CO2 concentration has a dual effect, as it causes b
Mycelial residues, also known as fungal necromass, represent a substantial fraction of soil organic matter (SOM) pools in terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Although microbial decomposers are increasingly recognised as key drivers of fungal necromass carbon stock formation, the diversity and composition of their microbial predators—and the roles these predators play in mediating fungal necromass de
Increasing tree species diversity is known to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, but its effect on SOC stability remains a critical uncertainty for climate mitigation. Through examination of a subtropical karst forest diversity gradient in southwest China, we reveal a fundamental shift in SOC stabilization mechanisms using physical fractionation, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
In recent years, an increasing number of ecosystems are threatened by seasonal flooding, changing non-flooded shoreland (NF) into seasonally flooded wetland (SF), but the consequences of this hydrological change for soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics remain unknown. In this study, we investigated how the SOC content was determined by flooding duration and soil physicochemical variables in adjacent
During the 1990s public services have to a great extent reorganised according to the idea of market economy and new management ideas. An example that illustrates these processes is the home care organisations. Private companies, new management strategies and special need assessment officials have been introduced. In a longitudinal study we have focused on the fate of the working teams as it is sho
Long-term phenology monitoring has documented numerous examples of changing flowering dates during the last century. A pivotal question is whether these phenological responses are adaptive or not under directionally changing climatic conditions. We use a classic dynamic growth model for annual plants, based on optimal control theory, to find the fitness-maximizing flowering time, defined as the sw
BACKGROUND: It is controversial whether breast reconstruction with a microvascular free flap should be done without restrictions in patients who have not had radiotherapy. Many regard it as too expensive, but some consider it better and more economically advantageous than an implant reconstruction. METHODS: Databases of publications were searched to find out under what conditions is it suitable to
We have previously described the efficient guidance and unidirectional sliding of actin filaments along nanosized tracks with adsorbed heavy meromyosin (HMM; myosin II motor fragment). In those experiments, the tracks were functionalized with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and surrounded by hydrophilic areas. Here we first show, using in vitro motility assays on no
Tropical biodiversity is threatened by the expansion of oil-palm plantations. Reduced-impact farming systems such as agroforests, have been proposed to increase biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In regions where oil-palm plantations already dominate the landscape, this increase can only be achieved through systematic ecological restoration. However, our knowledge about the underlying ecologi
Background: Strategies of habitat selection, defence, and foraging depend critically on population density and the frequency of alternative strategies: they are evolutionary games. Although commonly modelled in studies of animal behaviour, they are less frequently used to provide insights into the behaviour of plants. A 'review' and analysis of how these universal strategies apply to plants should
Fluvial export of organic matter from the terrestrial catchment to the aquatic system is a large and increasing carbon flux. The successful reduction in sulfuric acid deposition since the 1980s has been shown to enhance the mobility of organic matter in the soil, with more terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) reaching aquatic systems. Changes in soil acidity also affect the quality
