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Plant cells have two main modes of growth generating anisotropic structures. Diffuse growth where whole cell walls extend in specific directions, guided by anisotropically positioned cellulose fibers, and tip growth, with inhomogeneous addition of new cell wall material at the tip of the structure. Cells are known to regulate these processes via molecular signals and the cytoskeleton. Mechanical s

Model catalysts containing disordered CuO and ZnO species in the pores of SBA-15 were reduced under different conditions (standard: H2, 513 K; severe: CO/H2, 673 K), studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) including operando work and used as catalysts for methanol synthesis at pressures up to 8 bar, where they were comparable with a commercial reference in terms

Molecular dynamics simulations, binding free energy calculations, principle component analysis (PCA), and residue interaction network analysis were employed in order to investigate the molecular mechanism of M184I single mutation which played pivotal role in making the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) totally resistant to lamivudine. Results showed that single mutations at residue 184 of RT caused

Cancer is a disease of the genome caused by oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene inhibition. Deep sequencing studies including large consortia such as TCGA and ICGC identified numerous tumor-specific mutations not only in protein-coding sequences but also in non-coding sequences. Although 98% of the genome is not translated into proteins, most studies have neglected the information hidden

Over the past decade, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have revolutionized next-generation semiconductors, driving unprecedented advancements in cost-effective optoelectronics. While lead-based perovskite semiconductors exhibit exceptional optoelectronic properties, their inherent toxicity and vulnerability to environmental degradation remain significant barriers to widespread commercializ

Cas12e proteins (formerly CasX) form a distinct subtype of Class II type V CRISPR-Cas effectors. Recently, it was shown that DpbCas12e from Deltaproteobacteria and PlmCas12e from Planctomycetes can introduce programmable double-stranded breaks in mammalian genomes. Thus, along with Cas9 and Cas12a Class II effectors, Cas12e could be harnessed for genome editing and engineering. The location of cle

Quantum refinement (QR) is an approach in which the empirical restraints used in standard structural refinement to ensure that the details of the structure, e.g. bond lengths and angles, make chemical sense are replaced by more accurate quantum mechanical calculations for a small but interesting part of the structure. QR has previously been used for X-ray and neutron crystallography, cryogenic e

Two crystallized [FeFe] hydrogenase model complexes, 1 = (μ-pdt)[Fe(CO)2(PMe3)]2 (pdt = SC1H 2C2H2C3H2S), and their bridging-hydride (Hy) derivative, [1Hy]+ = [(μ-H)(μ-pdt)[Fe(CO)2 (PMe 3)]2]+ (BF4-), were studied by Fe K-edge X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy, supported by density functional theory. Structural changes in [1Hy]+ compared to 1 involved small bond elongations (<0.03 Å) and

The Amazon Basin is a unique region to study atmospheric aerosols, given their relevance for the regional hydrological cycle and the large uncertainty of their sources. Multi-year datasets are crucial when contrasting periods of natural conditions and periods influenced by anthropogenic emissions. In the wet season, biogenic sources and processes prevail, and the Amazonian atmospheric composition

Transient electromagnetic (TEM) is an efficient non-invasive method to map electrical conductivity distribution in the subsurface. This paper presents an inversion scheme for 3-D TEM time-lapse (TL) data using a generalized minimum support (MS) norm and its application to monitoring conductivity changes over time. In particular, two challenges for TL TEM applications are addressed: (i) the survey

Near surface geophysics applications are gaining more widespread use in geotechnical and engineering projects. The development of data acquisition, processing tools and interpretation methods have optimized survey time, reduced logistics costs and increase results reliability of seismic surveys during the last decades. However, the use of wide-scale geophysical methods under urban environments con

A long term experiment was conducted in a primary forest area in Amazonia, with continuous in-situ measurements of aerosol optical properties between February 2008 and April 2011, comprising, to our knowledge, the longest database ever in the Amazon Basin. Two major classes of aerosol particles, with significantly different optical properties were identified: coarse mode predominant biogenic aeros