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The design of an in vitro immunization system based on a synthetic heterotope immunogen, which was a peptide containing both T- and B-cell epitopes, that elicited a neutralizing, primary human humoral immune response against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is reported here. This heterotope construct contained the major neutralizing B-cell epitope, within the V3 region of glycoprotein 120

Policy intervention schemes for increased deployment of solar photovoltaics (PV) have been launched in several countries, with varying success. In order to ensure an efficient deployment of the technology, thorough knowledge is needed about relevant present actors and institutions, and about how a desirable actor base and institutional setup should look like; mere cost reductions are not enough to

Protein S is a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein. It functions as a cofactor to activated protein C in the inactivation of factors Va and VIIIa by limited proteolysis. Protein S is very sensitive to proteolysis by thrombin which reduces its calcium ion binding and leads to a loss of its cofactor activity. We have now determined the sequence of the 100 amino-terminal amino acid residues and locali

Self-replication of amyloid fibrils via secondary nucleation is an intriguing physicochemical phenomenon in which existing fibrils catalyze the formation of their own copies. The molecular events behind this fibril surface-mediated process remain largely inaccessible to current structural and imaging techniques. Using statistical mechanics, computer modeling, and chemical kinetics, we show that th

The induced polarization (IP) effect can be studied using both galvanic and inductive methods. Here we study IP and its manifestation in transient electromagnetic (TEM) data from a tTEM system and in time-domain electric resistivity tomography (ERT) data. Since the two methods are sensitive to two different frequency ranges, a direct IP spectrum comparison is not possible. Instead, we assess the I

Quantum refinement (QR) is an approach in which the empirical restraints used in standard structural refinement to ensure that the details of the structure, e.g. bond lengths and angles, make chemical sense are replaced by more accurate quantum mechanical calculations for a small but interesting part of the structure. QR has previously been used for X-ray and neutron crystallography, cryogenic e

Detaljerade data är avgörande vid karaktärisering av komplexa förorenade områden. I denna studie utrustar vi ett antal G360-brunnssystem med Star-Oddi milli-TD-tryckgivare i ett mestadels PCE (tetrakloretylen)- och TCE (trikloretylen)-förorenat bostadsområde i Helsingborg. Trots att dessa tryckgivare vanligtvis används inom marina undersökningar gör deras kostnad samt kompakta storlek dem av intre

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Då man för ner en elektrisk ström i marken kommer vissa material i marken laddas upp p.g.a. att positiva och negativa joner samlar ihop sig på ytor och i trånga porkanaler. Detta kallas för polarisering och kan användas för att bestämma t.ex. vad för typ av geologiska material som finns under markytan eller vart föroreningar i marken tar vägen. Fenomenet som uppIt has been shown that surveys of Induced polarization (IP) often contain data of low quality, because it is highly sensitive against different noise sources. When measuring induced polarization, where the method uses multicore cables and continuous electrode sounding (CVES, Continuous Vertical Electrical Sounding), noise phenomena such as capacitive coupling effects have to be considered. It is p

Popular summary Energy generation from renewable sources is one of the main issues to be solved for the 21st century. One of the most advanced technologies currently available is wind energy, which has a large potential onshore and offshore. However, in many cases wind energy is restricted to large wind parks with wind power plants sometimes exceeding heights of 100 m. The construction of large wi

Denna studie undersöker den rumsliga variationen i markens koldioxid-utflöde (CO2) i en boreal blandskog, huvudsakligen dominerad av tall (Pinus sylvestris L.) och gran (Picea abies L.) i ADVEX experimentsite i Norunda, centrala Sverige. Mätningar av markens CO2 gjordes i 72 collars omkring huvudtornet med hjälp av en LI-6250 infraröd gasanalysapparat kopplad till en hemmagjord mörkkammare. Medelv

A long term experiment was conducted in a primary forest area in Amazonia, with continuous in-situ measurements of aerosol optical properties between February 2008 and April 2011, comprising, to our knowledge, the longest database ever in the Amazon Basin. Two major classes of aerosol particles, with significantly different optical properties were identified: coarse mode predominant biogenic aeros

Sediment records recovered from the Baltic Sea during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 347 provide a unique opportunity to study paleoenvironmental and climate change in central and northern Europe. Such studies contribute to a better understanding of how environmental parameters change in continental shelf seas and enclosed basins. Here we present a multi-proxy-based reconstruction of

The Amazon Basin is a unique region to study atmospheric aerosols, given their relevance for the regional hydrological cycle and the large uncertainty of their sources. Multi-year datasets are crucial when contrasting periods of natural conditions and periods influenced by anthropogenic emissions. In the wet season, biogenic sources and processes prevail, and the Amazonian atmospheric composition

Objective Emotion regulation group therapy (ERGT) has shown promising results in several efficacy trials. However, it has not been evaluated outside a research setting. In order to increase the availability of empirically supported treatments for individuals with borderline personality disorder and deliberate self-harm, an evaluation of ERGT in routine clinical care was conducted with therapists o

ABSTRACTAs a part of a democratic demand for transparency in urban development processes it is important that design professionals hold the ability to scrutinise their own work process, and at certain stages let go of predefined ideas of future realities. This work revolves around how design professionals perceive options for design in such situations. A basic assumption in this work is that a des

Nigritella miniata is an alpine orchid species disjunctly endemic to the Eastern Alps and the Southeastern Carpathians. It is thought to have arisen only once through a hybridisation event between now extinct ancestors. Questions of interest are whether N. miniata survived in few or many isolated refugia in the Eastern Alps during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and their relationship with the pop