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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are major lung diseases affecting millions worldwide. Both diseases have links to cigarette smoking and exert a considerable societal burden. People suffering from COPD are at higher risk of developing lung cancer than those without, and are more susceptible to poor outcomes after diagnosis and treatment. Lung cancer and COPD are closely

Today plant-based alternatives to animal-agricultural products are made available or developed alongside ‘cultured’ meat, and products utilising genetic modification. To proponents, this signifies the emergence of ‘cellular agriculture’ as a food-production field or the possibility of a ‘post-animal bioeconomy’: a way to safely and sustainably produce animal products without animals. Drawing on pr

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous studies of familial risks have often combined ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke even though it seems unlikely that these 2 very different pathological conditions are under the same genetic influence. This study is the first to investigate the concordant (same subtype) and disconcordant (different subtype) association between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.METHODS: D

OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to describe and compare models of intensive care follow-up in Denmark, Norway and Sweden to help inform clinicians regarding the establishment and continuation of ICU aftercare programmes.METHODS: Our study had a multi-centre comparative qualitative design with triangulation of sources, methods and investigators. We combined prospective data from semi-structure

Nanotechnology and engineered nanomaterials (ENM) empower existing technologies. One of the great examples are III-V semiconductor nanowires (NW), which have a broad application range. The occupational safety and hazard organizations draw attention to ENM, as their physical and chemical characteristics differ from the ones of bulk materials. Additionally, the NW high aspect ratio geometry is of gr

Amyloid fibril formation is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disease caused by protein aggregation. Oligomeric protein states that arise during the process of fibril formation often coexist with mature fibrils and are known to cause cell death in disease model systems. Progress in this field depends critically on development of analytical methods that can provide information about the mechanisms an

The aim was to investigate embryo-foetal effects of continuous maternal insulin-induced hypoglycaemia extending throughout gestation or until gestation day (GD)17 (typical last day of dosing during pre-clinical evaluation) providing comparator data for safety assessment of longer-acting insulin analogues in non-diabetic rats. Pregnant rats received human insulin (HI)-infusion during gestation unti

Maps have the ability to make abstract information visible and real to their audiences. They provide humans a way to conceptualize and understand places and issues that otherwise might seem both distant and abstract. This article argues that maps influence what issues are visible and knowable and what issues are silenced and disregarded, often giving prominence to dominant understandings. As such,

Temperature disturbances are common in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. The possibility of an adaptive, potentially beneficial role for fever in patients with severe brain trauma has been dismissed, but without good justification. Fever might, in some patients, confer benefit. A cadre of clinicians and scientists met to debate the clinically relevant, but often controversial issue abou

The gut microbiota has been associated with many diseases, including endometriosis. However, very few studies have been conducted on this topic in human. This study aimed to investigate the association between endometriosis and gut microbiota. Women with endometriosis (N=66) were identified at the Department of Gynaecology and each patient was matched with three controls (N=198) from the general p

Direct neuronal reprogramming, by which a neuron is formed via direct conversion from a somatic cell without going through a pluripotent intermediate stage, allows for the possibility of generating patient-derived neurons. A unique feature of these so-called induced neurons (iNs) is the potential to maintain aging and epigenetic signatures of the donor, which is critical given that many diseases o

Glycans are biologically important structures synthesised by glycosyltransferase (GT) enzymes. Disruptive genetic null variants in GT genes can lead to serious illness but benign phenotypes are also seen, including antigenic differences on the red blood cell (RBC) surface, giving rise to blood groups. To characterise known and potential carbohydrate blood group antigens without a known underlying

The numerous interpretations of Marx’s economic theory can be usefully divided in two broad classes: real competition theory and monopolistic competition theory. Marxian geographers (inspired by Harvey) have applied the latter without discussing why they ignore the former. The problem is particularly salient when it comes to rent theory. Geographers following Harvey have famously ignored Marx’s ab

Xylan has a main chain consisting of β-1,4-linked xylose residues with diverse substituents. Endoxylanases cleave the xylan chain at cleavage sites determined by the substitution pattern and thus give different oligosaccharide product patterns. Most known endoxylanases belong to glycoside hydrolase (GH) families 10 and 11. These enzymes work well on unsubstituted xylan but accept substituents in c

Besides reducing fuel demands and indoor air pollution, pyrolytic cooking stoves produce a by-product (biochar) that can improve soil fertility and serve as a sink for carbon sequestration. Most smallholder farmers in Africa depend on wood for fuel, suffer from exposure to smoke and soils in their cultivated farms are deteriorating. Biochar (bio-charcoal) production has potentials to reduce energy

Line segments are ubiquitous in our human-made world and are increasingly used in vision tasks. They are complementary to feature points thanks to their spatial extent and the structural information they provide. Traditional line detectors based on the image gradient are extremely fast and accurate, but lack robustness in noisy images and challenging conditions. Their learned counterparts are more

Brain organoid technology has transformed both basic and applied biomedical research and paved the way for novel insights into developmental processes and disease states of the human brain. While the use of brain organoids has been rapidly growing in the past decade, the accompanying bioengineering and biofabrication solutions have remained scarce. As a result, most brain organoid protocols still

According to the swedish law for care of young peoples act (LVU), the social services can deprive the liberty from young people because of their ”socially degrading behaviour”, which could lead to compulsory care. This is possible up to the age of 20, even without approval. ”Socially degrading behaviour” is defined as a behaviour that is deviating from the social norms. Besides the rules about ”so

Freezing is a method used to preserve food for long periods of time by reducing the rate of naturally occurring reactions and growth of microorganisms. However, some irreversible quality changes, both physical and chemical, can take place during the freezing step. After being frozen, the products are stored until thawed and consumed. This thesis studies innovative freezing technologies to understa