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Large Eddy Simulation (LES) was employed to investigate the fuel/oxidizer mixing process in an ethylene fueled scramjet combustor with a rearwall-expansion cavity. The numerical solver was first validated for an experimental flow, the DLR strut-based scramjet combustor case. Shock wave structures and wall-pressure distribution from the numerical simulations were compared with experimental data and
Helianthemum nummularium s.l. is a young, morphologically diverse species distributed from western Europe to the Caucasus and the Southern Urals in the east. We analysed the rps16-trnK plastid intergenic spacer sequences from 85 localities covering most of the range of H. nummularium. Thirteen haplotypes were very unevenly distributed throughout the range of the species, and exhibited a strong phy
In the present study the geographical distribution, abundance and composition of Gambierdiscus was described over a 600 km longitudinal scale in the Canary Islands. Samples for cell counts, isolation and identification of Gambierdiscus were obtained from five islands (El Hierro, Tenerife, Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura and Lanzarote). Average densities of Gambierdiscus spp. between 0 and 2200 cells g
An optimization design method based on field synergy principle is developed for Multi-stream plate-fin heat exchangers (MPHEs) with a segmented differential model. The heat exchanger is divided into a number of sub-exchangers along the main stream, and each sub-exchanger consists of N passages along the height of the exchanger. Compared with the traditional heat exchanger design, this method allow
OBJECTIVES: Outcome assessment in large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) remains challenging and this impairs patient management and the conduct of clinical studies. Previous proposals for outcome tools have not included imaging. This study aimed to develop an imaging score to quantify damage in LVV and to assess the difference between Takayasu (TAK) and giant cell arteritis (GCA).METHODS: Ninety-six patie
Background: Increased interferon gamma (IFNγ) release occurs in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) lungs. IFNγ supports optimal viral clearance, but if dysregulated could increase lung tissue destruction. Methods: The present study investigates which mediators most closely correlate with IFNγ in sputum in stable and exacerbating disease, and seeks to shed light on the spatial requirement
In the fast development of advanced gas turbines with increasing output power, the inlet temperature is accordingly increased. Traditional cooling techniques failed to deal with such situations; however, new cooling techniques incorporating ribbed microchannels with higher capability of heat removal are required. In the present research, a square ribbed channel with various rib pitch ratios is des
Background: The majority of antibiotics consumed in developed countries are prescribed in primary care. However, little is known about resistance levels in the primary care population. Method: Nasopharyngeal cultures were obtained from children, 0-10 years of age, seeking care at their Primary Health Care Centre with symptoms of respiratory tract infection. Parental questionnaires were used to ret
Most studies on new cancer drugs are based on population-derived data, where the absence of response of a small population may pass unnoticed. Thus, individual longitudinal tracking of cells is important for the future development of efficient cancer treatments. We have used digital holographic microscopy to track individual JIMT-1 human breast cancer cells and L929 mouse fibroblast cultivated in
Cannabinoid CB₁ receptor (CB₁R) activation decreases synaptic GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission and it also controls peripheral metabolism. Here we aimed at testing with ¹³C NMR isotopomer analysis whether CB₁Rs could have a local metabolic role in brain areas having high CB₁R density, such as the hippocampus. We labelled hippocampal slices with the tracers [2-¹³C]acetate, which is oxidized
This thesis addresses the application of spatial approaches to disease surveillance and control from three different aspects. First, temporal trends, geographical distribution and spatial pattern of cardiovascular disease admission rates were explored on a national level in Sweden. Global Moran’s I was used to explore the structure of patterns and Anselin’s local Moran’s I was applied to explore t
In high-income countries a large proportion of all deaths occur in hospitals. A common way to translate knowledge into clinical practice is developing guidelines for different levels of health care organisations. During 2012, national clinical guidelines for palliative care were published in Sweden. Later, guidance for palliative care was issued by the National Board of Health and Welfare. The aim
Background and aim: Research regarding patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) has shown no significant difference in postoperative pain with or without the use of local infiltration analgesia (LIA). The aim was to evaluate whether intra-operative LIA with Ropivacaine in patients undergoing THA under general anaesthesia reduces postoperative pain. Method: A randomised, placebo-controlled
Immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis is characterized by tissue deposition of amyloid fibers derived from immunoglobulin light chain. AL amyloidosis and multiple myeloma (MM) originate from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. We wanted to characterize germline susceptibility to AL amyloidosis using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 1229 AL amyloidosis patients from G
We have applied surface-enhanced ellipsometry contrast (SEEC) imaging for time-resolved label-free visualization of biomolecular recognition events on spatially heterogeneous supported lipid bilayers (SLB). Using a conventional inverted microscope equipped with total internal reflection (TIR) illumination, biomolecular binding events were monitored with a lateral resolution near the optical diffra
Background: The number of elderly people persons suffering from dizziness is substantial, and dizziness is a risk factor for falls and fractures. Fall-related fractures represent a major public health issue. Longitudinal studies can help find ways of predicting fall-related fractures among frail elderly persons with multisensory dizziness. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate
Sexual conflict is a pervasive evolutionary force that can reduce female fitness. Experimental evolution studies in the laboratory might overestimate the importance of sexual conflict because the ecological conditions in such settings typically include only a single species. Here, we experimentally manipulated conspecific male density (high or low) and species composition (sympatric or allopatric)
Objective: To study whether locally administered recombinant inactivated human coagulation factor VIIa (FFR-rFVIIa) would reduce the thrombus formation and improve patency in an experimental venous thrombosis model without inducing systematic changes in the coagulation. Design: Experimental double-dummy randomised study. Materials: In 20 healthy New Zealand White rabbits both juguIar veins were ex
AIMS: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, including in Sweden. The main aim of this study was to explore the temporal trends and spatial patterns of CVD in Sweden using spatial autocorrelation analyses.METHODS: The CVD admission rates between 2000 and 2010 throughout Sweden were entered as the input disease data for the analytic processes
Background: The dental characteristics of large plant-eating mammals, such as hypsodonty, quite accurately describe present and past climatic conditions worldwide. However, several peculiar regions give systematically higher predictions of primary productivity than the local average environmental conditions should support. We call these 'anomalies'. Anomalies are prominent in areas dominated by pa
