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Ett objekt som placeras i det starka magnetfältet i en MR-kamera kommer att bli magnetiserat. Magnetiseringen beskrivs av materialets magnetiska susceptibilitet. Olika delar av hjärnan har olika susceptibilitet vilket gör det möjligt att använda susceptibilitet som en källa till kontrast i MR-bilder. Susceptibiliteten i hjärnan varierar inte enbart med olika vävnader och strukturer utan också med An object in an external magnetic field will be magnetized and the degree of magnetization is dependent of the magnetic susceptibility of the object. The local magnetic field inside and around an object in the MR scanner will change due to the magnetization of the object. The phase shift is proportional to the local magnetic field, which means that phase images hold information about the susceptib

Framtagning av nya produkter som är konkurrenskraftiga ur ett helhetsperspektiv kräver att flera olika avdelningar och kompetenser samverkar. Examensarbetet studerar hur detta kan genomföras på bästa sätt. Begreppet tvärfunktionell samverkan definieras som: Hur väl olika funktioner arbetar mot ett gemensamt mål. Projektet undersöker hur svenska företag ser på tvärfunktionell samverkan, vilka konkNew product development requires the cooperation of several departments and competences to create competitive products from a holistic perspective. This master thesis studies how Swedish companies’ view cross-functional cooperation, the competitive advantages with cross-functional cooperation and examine the prerequisites to achieve well-functioning cross-functional cooperation. Cross-functional c

Beyond the effects of temperature increase on local population trends and on species distribution shifts, how populations of a given species are affected by climate change along a species range is still unclear. We tested whether and how species responses to climate change are related to the populations locations within the species thermal range. We compared the average 20 year growth rates of 62

We present a unified analysis of the scattering and diffraction of neutrons and photons using momentum representation in a full quantum description. The scattering event is consistently seen as a transfer of momentum between the target and the probing particles. For an elastic scattering process the observed scattering pattern primarily provides information on the momentum distribution for the par

This thesis investigates how human rights-based approaches (HRBAs) to disaster risk reduction mediate the relationship between international human rights law and local practice in the Philippines. It explores the processes of “vernacularization” and bottom-up influence. The former relates to adapting international human rights norms to local settings. The latter refers to local experiences and pra

There is a lot of discussions going on about employability, both in political propositions and educational policies. In some parts of the academic literature about this policy concept, some qualms have arisen about the excluding and unidirectional ways in which the representation of the concept is usually made. In the light of these misgivings, this study is conducted at the practical level of edu

Employment integration of non-Swedish residents into the Swedish labor market increasingly sparks political debate and begs further exploration. While some scholars try to focus on pre-arrival characteristics as determinants of an immigrant’s future employment prospects, this project attempts to examine the degree to which municipal-level conditions influence the local employment rate amongst non-

Hälften av Afrikas befolkning - mer än 300 miljoner människor - hotas idag av markförstöring och ökenspridning. De flesta forskare är överens om att markförstöring orsakas av mänsklig aktivitet som avsiktligt eller oavsiktligt rubbar balansen i redan känsliga ekosystem. Namibia det torraste landet söder om Sahara, vilket följaktligen gjort att landet är mycket utsatt för ökenspridning och markförsHalf of Africa’s population - more than 300 million people - is threatened by land degradation. In general, land degradation is initiated when people intentionally or accidentally disturb the balance in a already fragile ecosystem. Poor management practices such as overgrazing, puts pressure on land already close to exceed the limits of sustainability. Besides suffering from overgrazing issues, Na

Dependence on fossil fuel is an issue for the many countries, it is particularly challenging for Small Island Developing States. Reliance on fossil fuel is becoming for many SIDS an economic burden. Due to the constant fluctuation in oil prices which leads to high fuel prices, high cost of living, and high electricity bills when the price of this commodity is high. This results in constant pressur

Wireless adhoc networks transmit information from a source to a destination via multiple hops in order to save energy and, thus, increase the lifetime of battery-operated nodes. The energy savings can be especially significant in cooperative transmission schemes, where several nodes cooperate during one hop to forward the information to the next node along a route to the destination. Finding the b

Extracellular High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) has been associated with acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. However, little is known about HMGB1 in necrotizing bacterial infections. We hypothesized that the local HMGB1 response is excessive in severe soft tissue infections (STIs), which are characterized by necrosis and hyperinflammation. To explore this, tissue biopsies were collected fro

Background and purpose The Scandinavian Sarcoma Group (SSG) XIV protocol is based on experience from previous SSG trials and other osteosarcoma intergroup trials, and has been considered the best standard of care for patients with extremity localized, non-metastatic osteosarcoma. We analyzed the outcome in 63 consecutive patients. Patients and methods From 2001 through 2005, 63 patients recruited

Popular Abstract in Swedish Det traditionella jordbruket i nordvästra Europa har gynnat förekomsten av många arter under tusentals år och den snabba övergången till modernt jord- och skogsbruk har lett till försämrade förutsättningar för dessa arter. Både internationellt och nationellt finns strategier för att bevara biologisk mångfald. I Sverige är dessa strategier integrerade i miljömål med ansThis thesis explores the relationship between land-use and floristic diversity over the last three millennia in the uplands of southern Sweden. A quantitative approach based on high-resolution pollen data was applied, using the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm (LRA), historical maps/aerial photographs, palynological richness and new ways to estimate past evenness at regional and local spatial sc

Popular Abstract in Swedish Politiskt deltagande är ett komplext studieobjekt. I denna studie har det politiska deltagandet studerats utifrån att det i grunden handlar om aktiviteter som syftar till att påverka offentliga beslut. Följande frågeställningar ligger till grund för studien: (1) Hur förhåller sig olika former av politiskt deltagande till idén om politisk jämlikhet? (2) Hur kan vi teorePolitical participation is promoted as a central component in a democracy. But what specifically is it that makes participation valuable and how do different forms of participation differ in regard to outcomes? A central aim of this study is to understand why different forms of participation produce different kinds of effects. The argument developed is that participation can be understood as havin

Human preferences are likely to depend on such things as knowledge and information, propaganda and advertising, and formal (laws) and informal (norms) institutions. We focus on knowledge about how nature works and how this may be manifested in recognition of ecosystem services among the general public. Participants and non-participants in a plant nutrient abatement programme with detention ponds i

GOALS:: To compare the clinical outcomes of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients treated with an implemented new structured pathway (NSP) or according to existing local clinical practices [old clinical pathway (OCP)]. BACKGROUND:: GERD is a major challenge at the primary care level. STUDY:: Primary care centers (n=24) were cluster randomized to handle patients suffering from symptoms su

Renewable energy will play an important role in the transition to a sustainable energy system. With an increased maturity of renewable energy technologies, issues concerning implementation are becoming more important. The decisions and actions of municipalities and other local actors have a significant influence on the implementation of renewable energy. In this thesis challenges to implementation

We consider two interrelated tasks in a synchronous n-node ring: distributed constant colouring and local communication. We investigate the impact of the amount of knowledge available to nodes on the time of completing these tasks. Every node knows the labels of nodes up to a distance r from it, called the knowledge radius. In distributed constant colouring every node has to assign itself one out

Popular Abstract in Swedish Läkning av achilles-senrupturer är idag en långdragen process, som ofta tar flera månader innan senan är fullt funktionsduglig. Syftet med studierna är att förbättra senläkningen i samband med achillesrupturer. Bone Morphogentic Proteins (BMP) är främst kända för att stimulera benläkning och bentillväxt. De lokala förhållandena har dock visat sig ha stor betydelse för cWe wanted to improve tendon healing by adding a growth factor. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are well known to stimulate bone healing and bone formation. The local environment is of major importance for cell differentiation after a BMP has been added. Cartilage Derived Morphogenetic Proteins (CDMPs) -1, -2 and -3 (BMP 14, 13 and 12 or GDF 5, 6 and 7) form a subgroup in the BMP-family and are

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective observational study of visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain in patients operated at one institution within the framework of a national registry. OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of recording VAS for pain intensity in patients operated on for lumbar spine problems. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There is no consensus regarding pain outcomes assessment in spine patients.