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The adult frog dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and their sciatic nerves (ScN) survive in organ culture for several days. About 3 days after a local test crush, the sensory axons start to regenerate into the distal nerve stump at a rate of approximately 0.6-0.9 mm/day. The axonal outgrowth is inhibited in a non-toxic way by low concentrations of three different phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitors: 4-brom

The leukocyte response in inflammation is characterized by an initial recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) preceding a second wave of monocytes to the site of injury or infection. In the mouse, 2 populations of monocytes have been identified, Gr1-CCR2-CX3CR1(hi) resident monocytes and Gr1+CCR2+CX3CR1(lo) inflammatory monocytes. Here, intravital microscopy of the musculus cremasterand

Breast cancer is the most common cancer form among women in the Western world. Although treatment has improved during the last decades, there is still a significant proportion of the patients who are not cured. To further improve clinical outcome we need new treatment strategies, new prognostic markers, and new treatment predictive factors for personalized medicine.In this dissertation I have focu

During the last 25 years the elementary school sector in Sweden has undergone radical change due to decentralization and deregulation. The logic of professionalism in the organizational structure of the public professional bureaucracy has been challenged, giving way for more of market logic. In tandem, at least from year 2000, the results in the PISA ranking have declined dramatically, leading the

Efforts to empower Albanian women and strengthen their participation in decision-making in local Forest and Pasture Users’ Associations (FPUAs) have been undertaken by the Environmental Services Project, including implementing the Gender Action Plan. The phenomenon of women’s agency and participation in decision-making in this local setting is examined in this study by answering the following: (I)

Kommunal styrning av hållbara konsumtionsmönster på hushållsnivå Många svenska kommuner har antagit ambitiösa klimatmål, flera av dem försöker påverka sina invånares konsumtionsmönster, vilket är en av de största orsakerna till växthusgasutsläppen. Hur kan svenska kommuner påverka sina invånares konsumtionsvanor, när konsumtionsvalet trots allt ligger i deras händer? I denna studie jämförs hur tToday most Swedish municipalities work actively with climate change mitigation with the goal to decrease their total emissions of greenhouse gases. To achieve this, the municipalities must decrease their consumption related emissions. This is a rather new question within local governance, which begs the question, how do municipalities work to govern its citizens’ consumption patterns? This study s

Ever since Lipsky wrote about street-level bureaucrats in 1980 the main belief has been that certain characteristics of their jobs make it exceptionally difficult to severely reduce their discretion. However, discretion comes at a price and if public servants abuse their power the legitimacy of government is at risk and ultimately even the democracy. This thesis address this question by analysing

Syftet med denna studie är att klargöra vad som försvårar svensklärares bedömning av multimodala texter eftersom bristfällig bedömning hämmar elevernas möjligheter att utveckla sin digitala kompetens och exkluderar elevernas textvärldar. För att undersöka lärarnas bedömningssvårigheter intervjuade vi sex svensklärare på gymnasienivå angående deras bedömningsstrategier. Intervjun avhandlade multiThe purpose of this study is to elucidate what it is that obstructs Swedishteachers assessment of multimodal texts since inadequate assessments hinders students from developing their digital competence and excludes students’ textworlds. In order to find these assessment obstructions we interviewed six upper-secondary Swedishteachers about their assessment strategies in regards to multimodal text

Parallel computing is becoming more and more important in modern Finite Element Software. As problems grow larger, computation on a single processor may not be fast enough. To overcome this problem, one can utilize parallel programming using e.g SMP-machines or clusters. Furthermore, when local compute resources are scarce, it can be quite convenient to take advantage of non-local resources for pe

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cell technology is a promising candidate to help boost green energy production. However, impurities and structural defects are major barriers to improving the solar power conversion efficiency. Grain boundaries often act as aggregation sites for impurities, resulting in strain localization in areas of high diffusion. In this study, we demonstrate the use of scanning

Questions: How does the number of species in a community affect the level of genetic diversity of its constituent species? What is the relation between competitive interactions and the spatial distribution of genetic variation? When spatially structured, how is the genetic differentiation among subpopulations affected by competition and size of the community? Model features and key assumptions: A

This thesis consists of an introduction and four self-contained chapters that address issues of how organizations and institutions should be designed in order to provide adequate incentives and enable coordination. The first essay uses a multi-task principal-agent model to examine two reasons why coordination problems are common when public sector organizations share responsibilities: the incenti

The Swedish police force is controlled out of management by objectives. Management by objectives is setting goals on national, regional and local levels of the police force in an attempt to developing the company. What knowledge possesses the Swedish police force in how to set goals for a goal oriented business? The paper examines the goal settings for the police force at national and regional lev

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) has been introduced for the treatment of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). Thus far, only one randomized trial has compared video-assisted MIP with conventional bilateral cervical exploration (BCE). The value of open MIP is therefore not known.METHODS: Fifty patients with a solitary parathyroid adenoma localized before surgery

Även om vi skulle lyckas minska de globala utsläppen av växthusgaser, så finns det ett angeläget behov att anpassa samhället för att kunna motstå klimatförändringens skadliga effekter. Denna process kallas klimatanpassning. Städer står inför särskilda risker från klimatförändringen och nuvarande tillvägagångssätt, som ofta förlitar sig på tekniska lösningar och toppstyrd implementering, bedöms intEven if current attempts to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions would succeed, society-wide adjustment to the harmful effects of climate change is urgently needed. This process is known as climate adaptation. Cities face particular risks from climate change, and there is increasing evidence that traditional approaches, which have often relied on technical solutions and top-down management struc

I studier av resenärernas, och potentiella resenärers, preferenser är den geografiska skalan en intressant parameter: lokalt, regionalt, interregionalt. Det finns emellertid ingen tydlig bild av gränsdragningarna däremellan. Ett antal möjliga definitioner har identifierats i litteraturen, men dessa definitioner är tämligen vaga och använder dessutom olika typer av indikatorer. I syfte att reda ut

The success of an evidence-based intervention depends on precise and accurate evaluation of available data and information. Here, the use of robust methods for evidence evaluation is important. Epidemiology, in its conventional form, relies on statistics and mathematics to draw inferences on disease dynamics in affected populations. Interestingly, most of the data used tend to have spatial aspects

The confidentiality and integrity algorithms in cellular networks protect the transmission of user and signaling data over the air between users and the network, e.g., the base stations. There are three standardised cryptographic suites for confidentiality and integrity protection in 4G, which are based on the AES, SNOW 3G, and ZUC primitives, respectively. These primitives are used for providing

Importance: Local steroid injection is commonly used in treating patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome, but evidence regarding long-term efficacy is lacking. Objective: To assess the long-term treatment effects of local steroid injection for carpal tunnel syndrome. Design, Setting, and Participants: This exploratory 5-year extended follow-up of a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomiz