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We study simulated annealing algorithms to maximise a function psi on a subset of R-d. In classical simulated annealing, given a current state theta(n) in stage n of the algorithm, the probability to accept a proposed state z at which psi is smaller, is exp(-beta(n+1)(psi(z) - psi (theta(n))) where (beta(n)) is the inverse temperature. With the standard logarithmic increase of (beta(n)) the probab

There is accumulating evidence that gestational diabetes (GDM) is a growing problem. The lack of internationally standardized diagnostic procedures prevents consistent diagnosis and the burden of GDM must be determined in country-specific studies. In southern Sweden, GDM is defined as a 2-hour capillary plasma glucose concentration of ≥10.0 mmol/L during a universal 75 g oral glucose tolerance tes

We have studied PCB concentration and domain (one to three congeners) distribution in water and fish along a gradient of a contaminated river system. The river was contaminated by a small lake that contains about 400 kg of PCB in the sediment. The PCB concentration in water in the outlet from the lake was 8.6 ng/L, which was 12 times higher than upstream. PCB concentration in fish from the lake wa

Computed tomography (CT) is often a justified diagnostic tool, but is also associated with high exposure of the patients. Due to the rapid increase in the number of CT units and thus the availability of CT examinations in Russia, there is a growing need for optimisation within this field. In order to develop proper optimisation procedures for CT, the two regions St. Petersburg and Belgorod of Russ

OBJECTIVE: To study the information gained by extending a well-established instrument of dependence/independence in activities of daily living with a self-rating of difficulty, and to illustrate the relevance and usefulness of this combined approach with cross-national data. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Cross-sectional survey study data collected with 1918 very old persons in 5 European countries. METHODS

The Na-33 beta decay was studied online using mass separation techniques and a first description of the level structure of the neutron-rich isotope Mg-33, with N=21, has been obtained. The experiment involved the measurement of beta-gamma, beta-gamma-gamma, and beta -n-gamma coincidences as well as neutron spectra by time-of-flight technique. The first low energy level scheme for the daughter nucl

The employment law in Sweden is very extensive compared to other countries. My aim with this essay is to compare the employment law for an employee with the employment protection for a CEO. The CEO is not protected by the employment Protection Act and therefore his terms of employment are completely up to the agreement he signs when he begins his employment. To do this I need to recite the main p

Our study finds strong liquidity commonality across China's metal futures contracts, as about 47% of liquidity changes in individual contracts can be explained by a market-wide factor during 2019-2025. Liquidity fluctuations also show mean-reverting behavior, meaning they tend to return to normal levels after short-term shocks. Moreover, this co-movement in liquidity remains statistically sign

Att läsa Mario Vargas Llosas Staden och hundarna är en utmaning för svenska universitetsstudenter som läser spanska som främmande språk, men trots detta visar kursutvärderingar att de tenderar att uppskatta upplevelsen. Denna studie fokuserar på att utforska studenternas läsprocess och deras reaktioner på texten genom ett läsloggprojekt. Felskis (2008) kategorier igenkänning, kunskap, förtrollning

This study investigated how three verbalization protocols, Silent, Type 1 (think-aloud), and Type 3 (explanatory verbalization), influence problem-solving performance on insight and non-insight problems within both spatial and verbal domains. Twenty-eight participants completed twelve problems (three per category) under each condition. Informed by theories of insight, verbal overshadowing, and cog

Basel II requires Value at Risk (VaR) as a standardized risk measure for calculating market risk. However, the validity of the risk measure has been questioned since it neglects the losses beyond the VaR level. Expected Shortfall (ES) is a response to this limitation, as it is defined as the average of the losses ignored by VaR. This study applies VaR and ES to three commodities; gold, oil and cor

In order to grow, the founder must go. This is the conventional wisdom which states that when entrepreneurial firms enter a stage of rapid growth the new business quickly surpasses the skills and capacity of the founder. In this phase of rapid growth this paper aims to understand how entrepreneurs perceive their role as founder CEO as their company grows, and what impact this has on their “decisio

We extend our earlier work on the massive O(N) non-linear sigma model to other observables. We derive expressions at leading order in the large N expansion at all orders in the loop expansion for the decay constant, vacuum expectation value, meson meson scattering and the scalar and vector form factors. This is done using cactus diagram resummation using a generalized gap equation and other recurs

We discuss some important issues concerning multiplicities in quark and gluon jets in e+e- annihilation. In QCD the properties of a jet in general depend on two scales, the energy and virtuality of the jet. Frequently theoretical predictions apply to a situation where these scales coincide, while for experimental data they are often different. Thus an analysis to extract e.g. the asymptotic multip

The influence of eight different N-terminal protecting groups (For, Ac, Boc, Fmoc, Mal, Pheac, Aloc and Z) on the α-chymotrypsin-catalyzed synthesis of the dipeptide derivative X-Phe-Leu-NH2 in organic media was studied. Groups such as Ac, For, Boc, Z, Mal, Pheac and Alloc always rendered good peptide yields (92% to 99%) either in acetonitrile or in ethyl acetate. Good correlations were found betw