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In a prospective study of a consecutive breast cancer series accumulated in the period 1978-82, the S-phase fraction (SPF) and ploidy status were determined by flow cytometry performed on cell nuclei derived from samples of 580 primary tumors. Sixty percent of the tumors were non-diploid. After correction for debris the median SPF values were 7.3% overall, 12% for non-diploid tumors, and 2.9% for
Popular Abstract in Swedish Humana neutrofiler är vita blodkroppar med den kortaste livslängden. Varje dag frisätts det miljoner neutrofiler från benmärgen till blodet. Från blodbanan är neutrofiler de första celler som anländer och samlas i en infekterad vävnad. Neutrofiler är mest kända för deras anti-mikrobiella funktion. Dessa celler är rustade med olika proteiner för att kunna hitta och döda The human neutrophil is the most abundant granulocyte and the major type of cell involved in an acute inflammatory response. Neutrophils are armed with various systems of enzymes, that can find and kill pathogens, but unfortunately, these "weapons" cannot distinguish between the host tissues and the "invaders." Therefore, an extensive neutrophil reaction leads to continuous release of toxic metabo
Popular Abstract in Swedish TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor eller Tumör-Nekrotisk-Faktor) är en molekyl som utsöndras av kroppens makrofager (latin för storätare) när dessa kommer i kontakt med bakterier. Det TNF som bildas aktiverar andra celler, särskilt vita blodkroppar och de celler som täcker blodkärlsväggens yta (endotelceller). Syftet med detta är att aktivera kroppens immunförsvar och döda baktTNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which binds to two cell surface receptors, TNF-R55 and TNF-R75. The receptors undergo proteolytic cleavage and release a fragment (soluble TNF-receptors or TNF-Binding Protein), TNF-R55-BP and TNF-R75-BP. Soluble TNF-receptors are able to bind and inactivate TNF. The release of soluble TNF-receptors was measured with ELISA. TNF binding cap
Our aims were to characterize familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in a Swedish FH population and to further elucidate the clinical expression and treatment response in relation to genotype. Secondly, we wanted to identify gene variants, which may have impact on cholesterol levels in apparently healthy subjects. In the search for sequence alterations in the large LDL receptor gene we introduced and
It has been generally accepted that residual cartilage and subchondral bone has to be removed in order to get bony fusion in arthrodeses. In 1998 we reported successful fusion of 11 rheumatoid ankles, all treated with percutaneous fixation only. In at least one of these ankle joints there was cartilage left. More than 25 rheumatoid patients with functional alignment in the ankle joint have subsequ
Popular Abstract in Swedish Vårt immunsystem är uppbyggt runt två typer av celler som har som uppgift att försvaraoss mot infektioner. T lymfocyterna står för det cellmedierade immunförsvaret som är speciellt viktigt för att bekämpa virusinfektioner med B lymfocyterna har som uppgift att producera antikroppar. Antikroppar finns i alla kroppsvätskor och kan interagera med toxiner, virus och bakteriEach immunoglobulin (Ig) V gene segment contains an upstream promoter region. The octamer element and the TATA box are the only elements that are conserved in all Ig promoters. The presence of the octamer element is necessary, but not sufficient to support high levels of transcription. Therefore, the activity of other co-stimulatory elements is required. This investigation has focused on the study
Popular Abstract in Swedish Att få en övergripande förståelse för hur mänskliga celler påverkas av metallbaserade läkemedel är viktigt, eftersom de har visat sig vara väldigt effektiva för behandling av exempelvis testikel- och äggstockscancer. För att utforska bakomliggande orsaker har forskningsprojektets utgångspunkt varit att studera kliniskt välkarakteriserade metallbaserade läkemedel som exeGaining a detailed understanding of how human cells are affected by metal-based drugs is crucial, since these drugs have shown great potential in cancer treatment. Cisplatin is used to treat many different types of cancer, e.g. testicular, ovarian, melanoma, bladder, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, myelomas and lymphomas. The miRNA expression profiles in different human cancers
Popular Abstract in Swedish Arbetet i denna avhandling syftar till att förbättra etanolproduktionen från lignocellulosa. Etanol framställd från förnyelsebara råvaror har fått förnyad uppmärksamhet på grund av den växande medvetenheten om den globala uppvärmningen och farhågor för en trytande tillgång på olja. Lignocellulosa utgör en potentiell råmaterialkälla för framtida storskalig etanolproduktiThe work presented in this thesis has been aiming at improving ethanol production from lignocellulose. Ethanol from renewable resources is receiving renewed attention due to apprehensions of global warming and dwindling oil reserves. Lignocellulose constitutes a potential raw material source for large scale ethanol production. To produce ethanol from lignocellulose, the hemicellulose and cellulose
The commercial feasibility of ethanol production from biomass is dependent on the availability of lignocellulose in large amounts at low cost. Various kinds of agricultural residues are of interest, due to the fact that these feedstocks have well-established cultivation procedures already in place, as well as technology for harvest and transportation. In the current work, the utilization of sugarc
Background: The maintenance of postural control is fundamental for different types of physical activity. This can be measured by having subjects stand on one leg on a force plate. Many studies assessing standing balance have previously been carried out in patients with ankle ligament injuries but not in patients with ankle fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether patients operated
OBJECTIVE: To determine what constitutes normal cervical changes during the second half of pregnancy in parous women delivering at term. DESIGN: The study comprises 21 healthy, pregnant parous women who all gave birth at term. They were examined with transvaginal ultrasound every two weeks from 24 gestational weeks until delivery. Cervical length and width were measured. The inner cervical os was
The study is based on monitoring data on the seasonal variation during four (1996-1999) vegetation periods, as well as long-term summer data on submerged vegetation, nutrients, light, phyto-plankton and zooplankton in Lake Krankesjon, a shallow, calcium-rich, moderately eutrophic take in southern Sweden. The lake has been in the clear water state with abundant submerged vegetation since the end of
Plant ecologists have placed increasing emphasis on a functional understanding of vegetation. One way to gain insight into the assemblage of vegetation communities is to investigate plant trait responses to environmental gradients or experimental treatments. We present simulations of responses of suites of traits to treatments differing in soil resources and disturbance intensity, in order to cons
The paper is based on an inventory of crofts and cottages that was made in the parish of Länghem in the southern part of the province of Västergötland, Sweden at the end of the 1950ies and the beginning of the 1960ies. The parish of Länghem has both manors (the medieval Torpa and Hofsnäs and the 17th century Sällerås) and independent villages. The inventory was made quite traditionally. We tried t
This study investigates the toxic effect of E(2)nonenal (trans-2-nonenal, T2N) and its conjugate with horse muscle myoglobin (Mb) tested on murine cell line L929 and human cell line A549, as well as the genotoxic effect of these compounds assayed by measuring of micronuclei in human cells K562. It is an aldehyde, which is occurring as the substance responsible for an off flavour in aged beers, but
We have investigated the effects of the novel imidazoline compound (+)-2-(2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-thiopene-2-yl-ethyl)pyridine (NNC77-0074) on stimulus-secretion coupling in isolated pancreatic alpha- and beta-cells. NNC77-0074 stimulated glucose-dependent insulin secretion in intact mouse pancreatic islets. No effect was observed at less than or equal to 2.5 mM glucose and maximal stimul
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Type 1 diabetes in children is characterised by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and the presence of certain risk genotypes. In adults the same situation is often referred to as latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). We tested whether genetic markers associated with type 1 or type 2 diabetes could help to discriminate between autoimmune and non-autoimmune diab
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prognostic value for patient survival of different forms of PSA and ratios thereof, before treatment for prostate cancer, by considering the forms and ratios both as independent markers and by comparing them with other commonly used prognostic markers, e.g. tumour grade, local stage (T-stage) and absence or presence of skeletal metastases (M-stage). PATIENTS AND METHODS: B
The extracellular matrix of the intervertebral disc structures contains many molecules also found in cartilage. The extremely polyanionic proteoglycans play a central role, particularly in the nucleus, by creating an osmotic environment leading to retention of water and ensuing resistance to deformation—important for the resilience of the tissue. Another major structural entity particularly impor
