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Med start år 1967 har folkrätten fått en rad tillskott av multilaterala överenskommelser genom uppkomsten av en ny typ av traktat. Dessa traktat har skapats för att stifta så kallade kärnvapenfria zoner och är i grunden folkrättsligt bindande överenskommelser som etablerar komplett nedrustning av kärnvapen inom ett geografiskt avgränsat område. Det internationella samfundet har under flera decenniSince 1967, public international law has had many treaty additions through so-called nuclear weapon free zones, treaties that have been created through legally binding agreements to pursue complete nuclear disarmament within a geographically defined area. The international community has for decades discussed the establishment of such a zone in the Middle East, but without prompting any concrete ac

Rättskällornas uppgift är att belysa rättsordningen och att bidra till förutsebarhet och transparens i rättsystemet genom att hjälpa yrkesverksamma jurister att uttolka gällande rätt. En rättskälla kan sammanfattas som det material yrkesverksamma jurister beaktar och hänvisar till i sin rättsliga argumentation. Frågan om huruvida skiljedomar kan utgöra en rättskälla bör därför besvaras utifrån detThe role of legal sources is to inform the interpretation of the law and to contribute to predictability and transparency in the justice system by helping practicing lawyers to interpret current law. A source of law can be summarized as the material that practicing lawyers use and reference in their legal argumentation. The question whether arbitral awards should be recognized as sources of law mu

Enligt principen om avtalsfrihet är fysiska och juridiska personer fria att ingå rättsligt bindande avtal. Det finns dock många undantag från avtalsbundenheten. Enligt 36 § lagen (1915:218) om avtal och andra rättshandlingar på förmögenhetsrättens område kan en avtalsförpliktelse jämkas eller lämnas utan avseende om den är oskälig. I vissa fall är avtal som strider mot lag eller goda seder ogiltigAccording to the principle of freedom of contract, natural and legal persons are free to enter into legally binding contracts. There are, however, many exceptions to the binding force of contracts. According to Article 36 of the Swedish Contracts Act (Sw. lagen [1915:218] om avtal och andra rättshandlingar på förmögenhetsrättens område), unreasonable (Sw. oskäliga) contract terms may be adjusted o

Uppsatsen behandlar frågan om skydd av ägarpositioner i anslutning till familjeägda aktiebolag. Anledningen till uppsatsens tema är att familjeägda aktiebolag har en särprägel som avviker från det efter ABL konstruerade aktiebolaget. Detta uttrycks, till exempel genom att ägarna i det familjeägda bolaget vanligtvis har ett särskilt behov av att skydda ägarkretsens sammansättning under en längre peThis paper is on protection of ownership positions in relation to family-owned businesses. The reason for the papers theme is that family-owned businesses have a distinctive character that deviates from the construction in the Companies Act. For example, owners of a family-owned business usually have a particular need to protect the ownership structure for a longer period of time. To put the famil

When building new constructions under ground level in cities it is important that the foundations of neighboring buildings are undisturbed. The regulations regarding soil deformations are hence very strict and conventional methods of predicting soil behavior is often too crude. Finite element calculations are therefore becoming an increasingly important tool used to predict soil behavior in and ar

Den här uppsatsen behandlar förbudet mot diskriminering på grund av kön, sexuell läggning och könsöverskridande identitet eller uttryck så som det stadgas i 2008-års diskrimineringslag (2008:567), förarbeten och rättspraxis. Diskrimineringslagen samlar diskrimineringsförbuden som tidigare varit utspridda i flertalet lagar. Syftet var att förenkla lagstiftningen och förstärka skyddet mot diskrimineThe topic of this essay is the prohibition of discrimination on the basis of gender, sexual orientation and transgender identity or expression, as determined by the 2008 Discrimination Act (2008:567), preliminary work and practice. The Discrimination Act collects prohibitions of discrimination that previously were scattered across several acts. The purpose was to simplify the regulation and streng

Det är av stor betydelse att förstå hur kommuner hanterar markanvisningsprocessen, vilka krav de ställer vid tilldelning av markanvisningar och hur dessa krav följs upp och genomförs i praktiken. Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka hur Sveriges kommuner når sina mål och ambitioner inom samhällsbyggnad genom verktyget markanvisning. Examensarbetet syftar även till att ge en djupare inblick iThe purpose of the paper is to investigate how Sweden's municipalities achieve their goals and ambitions in community building through the tool of land allocation. The thesis also aims to provide a deeper insight into how Sweden's municipalities work with the land allocation process. The thesis investigates the following questions: • What is the municipality's ambition with land alloca

Pacta sunt servanda - The fundamental principle of Swedish law is that agreements must be kept. This means that a buyer can only exceptionally be released from the obligation to perform according to the agreement. This essay aims to investigate the possibilities a buyer has to be released from liability when he has undertaken to perform a certain performance and subsequently been prevented from fu

During the Swedish NATO negotiations, the Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan once again raised the question of whether Türkiye could be welcomed into the EU. This thesis examines Türkiye’s shortcomings concerning their EU accession, focusing on the human rights of Kurdish people by answering the research questions: what is the state of human rights of the Kurd-ish people in Türkiye, and what c

I studien undersöks i vilken grad och på vilket sätt läroboksuppgifter i fysik, genom sin utformning, främjar gymnasieelevers begreppsförståelse. Begreppsförståelsen definieras som elevernas förmåga att använda kunskapen i nya sammanhang. Studien betonar lärobokens viktiga roll i att forma elevernas förståelse. Uppgifter som främjar begreppsförståelse bör exempelvis vara varierade och knyta an tilTextbook tasks are a critical part of physics education as they build a wide range of skills necessary for mastering the subject. This study evaluates the nature of tasks in three widely used Swedish high school physics textbooks, focusing on whether they enhance conceptual understanding or are primarily aimed at memorization of facts and procedural use of formulas and physical relationships. The

Program, universitet och kurs: Examensarbete för kandidatexamen (VT 24) SEMK65, 15 HP. På kandidatprogrammet Service Management med inriktning Retail Management på institutionen för tjänstevetenskap vid Lunds universitet. Författare: Matilda Brondin och Emilia Noreblad Handledare: Tullia Jack Problemområde: Matsvinn som fenomen är ett omfattande globalt problem vilket livsmedelsbutiker är en stor

Efforts to reduce energy consumption in buildings have increased with the pending impact of climate change. Heat losses through airing behaviours remain a largely unknown factor due to the variety of reasons for opening a window, making generalization difficult. Currently, an estimation of 4 kWh/m2 heated area for airing heat loss is assumed in Sweden. Additionally, the resulting airflow from open

Amelogenin, a critical protein in enamel formation, self-assembles into supramolecular structure that guide hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystal growth that is essential for the development of strong and healthy enamel. Phosphorylation of amelogenin at Ser-16 plays a pivotal role in modulating its self-assembly and functional properties, impacting the overall enamel biomineralization process. This post-tr

Den 1 januari 2022 fick 2 kap. brottsbalken, innehållandes regler om svensk straffrättslig jurisdiktion, en helt ny lydelse. Reformen innebar förändringar av jurisdiktionsreglernas innehåll så väl som struktur, och hade delvis som mål att närmare anpassa den svenska rätten till folkrätten. Följande arbete syftar till att utvärdera huruvida den nya jurisdiktionsrätten uppnår denna målsättning. För On 1 January 2022 an extensive reform of Chapter 2 of the Swedish Criminal Code, which contains rules pertaining to criminal jurisdiction, entered into force. This reform carried with it major changes in both structure and material content and was partially intended to align Swedish law more closely with international law on the matter of criminal jurisdiction. The following paper aims to evaluate

A claimant is not prevented from assigning his claim to a third party during ongoing arbitration proceedings. The legal relationship in dispute in the proceedings can thus be transferred to someone other than the original parties by means of so called singular succession. For several of the issues raised by singular succession in arbitration, there are no specific statements in the generally accep

The purpose of this essay is to investigate how Sweden got free abortion by examining the arguments made during the parliamentary debate in 1974, which concerned the legislation of free abortion. This is done using a legal historical method and the material that has been used consists mainly of the protocols from the debate. To put the debate in its context the thesis also gives an overview over

Enligt principen jura novit curia behöver inte svenska rättsregler åberopas eller bevisföras av part i svensk domstol. Istället ankommer det på domstolen att ex officio söka reda på och tillämpa de rättsregel som domstolen finner tillämpliga på tvisten (35 kap. 2 § st. 2 rättegångsbalken). Utöver denna utredningsskyldighet innebär principen jura novit curia även ett rättstillämpningsmonopol som tiAccording to the principle iura novit curia, parties in a Swedish court do not have a burden of pleading or proof for the content of Swedish law, nor is the court bound by the parties’ instructions or opinions concerning the application of the law. The court must consider all relevant legal rules and ex officio apply the rule of law deemed applicable to the dispute. This last part does not, howeve

Allvarlig brottslighet som begås inom kriminella nätverk har ökat drastiskt under senare år. Skjutningar och sprängningar har blivit alltmer förekommande och nu diskuteras även finansierandet av skjutvåldet genom narkotika-, smugglings- och ekonomisk brottslighet i politiska debatter. Hur man ska komma till rätta med problemet, med hänsyn till förbättrade tekniska förutsättningar och tystnadskultuSerious crimes committed within criminal networks have increased drastically in recent years. Shootings and explosions are unusually often occurring in Sweden and now the financing of this deadly violence by drug, smuggling and financial crimes is also discussed in political debates. How to effectively deal with the problem, despite improved technology and a culture of silence in criminal gangs, i

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations are considered a crucial factor in global warming, particularly in the near term, due to its high warming potential (~ 80 times more potent than carbon dioxide, or CO2) and shorter atmospheric lifetime compared to CO2. CH4 emissions have more than doubled since the industrial revolution and

Stormwater runoffs have increasingly become a significant issue in urban infrastructure design and environmental management due to problems related to flooding, freshwater stress, and pollutant loading to receiving water bodies. This project investigated the lab-scale performance of silicon carbide (SiC) MF membranes in treating stormwater runoffs from the Värpinge wetland in the western part of t