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The bio-economy has been put forward as a strategy to increase economic growth without this leading to increased emissions of greenhouse gases. A key concept behind the bio-economy is the increased use of biomass for applications such as the production of bio-based chemicals and materials but also an increased importance for biotechnology and biorefinery systems in the production of these products
This chapter provides a synthesis of three earlier published studies (Garmy et al. 2012a; Garmy et al. 2012b; Garmy et al. 2013) (survey I) as well as previously unpublished results from a survey conducted in 2013 among students aged 16 (survey II). Objective: The aim was to investigate the effects of sleep, television use and texting and computer habits on overweight, enjoyment of school and fee
The enzymatic degradation of wood polysaccharides such as cellulose and hemicellulose is an important process in nature. In addition, cellulases and hemicellulases can be used in industrial applications. Fuel ethanol can potentially be produced from wood by enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose followed by yeast fermentation of the formed sugars. In this thesis, fungal glycoside hydrolases, cellulase
Protein structure and stability are inherent in the amino acid sequence and governed by non-covalent interactions. The cooperation between forces is, however, perplexing and not well understood. In order to elucidate and predict protein folding and stability, detailed studies of non-covalent interactions are required. Presented in this thesis are detailed studies on electrostatic interactions in
Over the last decade the music festival sector grew enormously: in 2008 over a million festivalgoers gathered in the UK to share music and companionship. However in doing so musicfestivals generate large volumes of waste streams and consume large quantities of resources. Amusic festival of more than 40 000 people will produce in the order of 2000 tons of CO2e –with audience transportation and on s
The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze survival and prognostic factors in 111 consecutive patients undergoing curative resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. In addition, the time periods 1971-1984 and 1985-1995 were compared; criteria for first liver resection did not change with time, whereas the attitude toward re-resection was more aggressive during the latter period
Deciduous forests may respond differently from coniferous forests to the anthropogenic deposition of nitrogen (N). Since fungi, especially ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi, are known to be negatively affected by N deposition, the effects of N deposition on the soil microbial community, total fungal biomass and mycelial growth of EM fungi were studied in oak-dominated deciduous forests along a nitrogen d
1. A new methodological approach for detailed study of the organization of the cerebellar corticonuclear projection was evaluated in barbiturate-anaesthetized cats. Extracellular field potentials were simultaneously recorded in nucleus interpositus anterior and in the forelimb area of the C3 zone, at the cerebellar surface. On electrical and natural stimulation of the forelimb skin, the evoked pos
This thesis aimed to search for epidemiological evidence supporting the associations of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with cancer and autoimmune diseases (ADs) by analysing several Swedish national registries. T2DM shares risk factors with cancer, such as obesity, diet, stress, and physical inactivity. However, it is unclear whether the associations with several types of cancers are due to share
Popular Abstract in Swedish Malignt melanom (även kallad melanom) är den farligaste formen av hudcancer. Dess incidens varierar från land till land och är den högsta i Australien, där 46.7 per 100,000 invånare drabbas årligen. I Sverige är melanom den sjätte vanligaste cancersjukdomen. Melanom har blivit allt vanligare under de senaste två decennierna. Om tumören upptäcks på ett tidigt, dvs. lokal“Cutaneous melanoma is a most unpredictable lesion” wrote Alexander Breslow in 1970. He was one of the first to predict outcome in melanoma patients, based on the thickness of the primary tumor, and today this parameter bears his name and remains the main prognostic factor in melanoma. The aim of this thesis has been to contribute to the understanding of melanoma biology in order to make this canc
Background: With improving survival in ovarian cancer, second primary cancers (SPCs) and their etiological foundations are becoming an issue. The ways in which family history may influence the occurrence of SPCs and the related mortality are not well known. Methods: Based on the Swedish Family-Cancer Database, we identified 11,300 ovarian cancer patients and followed them for diagnoses of SPCs unt
It has been hypothesized that highly productive coastal ecosystems, such as seagrass meadows, could lead to the establishment of ocean acidification (OA) refugia, or areas of elevated pH and aragonite saturation state (Ωa) compared to source seawater. However, seagrass ecosystems experience extreme variability in carbonate chemistry across short temporal and small spatial scales, which could impac
The sky view factor (SVF) is an important radiometric parameter for assessing the canopy energy budget of urban areas. There are several methods to determine the SVF observationally. The most common is taking a photo with a digital camera equipped with a fish-eye lens and then converting ratio of sky area to canopy area into SVF. However, most urban canopy models use this variable as derived from
To understand the dynamics of ecosystem carbon cycling more than 10 years of eddy covariance data, measured over an evergreen, temperate, wet sclerophyll forest, were analysed and related to climate drivers on time scales ranging from hours to years. On hourly timescales we find that incoming shortwave radiation is the major meteorological driver of net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE). Light use e
Satellite based remote sensing provides an efficient way to estimate carbon balance components over large spatial domains with acceptable temporal and spatial resolution. In the present study remote sensing based gross primary production (GPP) estimations were evaluated using data from a tall eddy-covariance flux tower, located over a heterogeneous agricultural landscape in Hungary. Four different
This thesis work has focused on the platinum-tin surface, especially how it behaves when exposed to gases like oxygen and carbon monoxide. Platinum-tin is used as a catalyst for a range of reactions, including the oxidation of carbon monoxide at mild conditions, which is important for gas purification in fuel cells. The platinum-tin alloy has properties useful for the reactions it catalyses, but i
Background: Postoperative management after surgery for perforated peptic ulcer is still burdened by old traditions. All available data for fast-track recovery in this setting are either very unspecific or underpowered. The aim of this study was to evaluate fast-track recovery in this diagnosis-specific context in a larger sample. Methods: Electronic data sources were searched. Eligible studies wer
Purpose: Childhood cancer survivors, in particular those treated with radiation therapy, are at high risk of long-term iatrogenic events. The prediction of risk of such events is mainly based on the knowledge of the radiation dose received to healthy organs and tissues during treatment of childhood cancer diagnosed decades ago. We aimed to set up a standardized organ dose table to help former pati
