Photoacoustic (PA) imaging has the ability to visualize human organs with high spatial resolution and high contrast. Like digital images, PA images are contaminated with random noise due to some parameters. The band-pass filter does not effectively remove the noise because noise is randomly distributed in the bandwidth frequency. We present noise removal method in PA images by using non local mean

This chapter provides an overview of a vast space labelled Trans-Europe-spanning beyond Europe, over to Russia, parts of North Africa, the Middle East, and East Asia. The concept of Trans-Europe allows capturing a number of nodes, regional pivots, as well as numerous interconnections, differences, and gaps. The authors present the challenge of this book: to explore how different regions around Eur

This book examines political, social, and economic interactions in highly interconnected areas, stretching from Europe to Eastern Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and East Asia, labelled as Trans-Europe. The first part of the book focuses on the interests of several leading actors in Trans-Europe. The second part deals with the actions of national actors trying to compete with the EU influen

Particle physics has arrived at an important moment of its history. The discovery of the Higgs boson, with a mass of 125 GeV, completes the matrix of particles and interactions that has constituted the “Standard Model” for several decades. This model is a consistent and predictive theory, which has so far proven successful at describing all phenomena accessible to collider experiments. However, se

In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics, the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched, as an international collaboration hosted by CERN. This study covers a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee) and an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), which could, successively, be installed in the same 100 km tunnel. The scientific capabiliti

We present a theoretical model of laser heating carbon nanotubes to determine the temperature profile during laser irradiation. Laser heating carbon nanotubes is an essential physics phenomenon in many aspects such as materials science, pharmacy, and medicine. In the present article, we explain the applications of carbon nanotubes for photoacoustic imaging contrast agents and photothermal therapy

We present joint experimental and theoretical investigations of the deep-ultraviolet Raman scattering spectra of monolayer graphene thin films. We found that upon a 266 nm laser excitation, while the G mode remains pronounced, the mode is not observed. The mode exhibits distinctive linewidth broadening towards the ultraviolet frequency region. The peak intensity ratio of the and G modes increases

Background: High-quality telemedicine in cases of suspected stroke has comparable precision with on-site medical examinations. A novel technical concept was developed in order to deliver a video/audio system to achieve more efficient patient assessment and diagnostic support. Aims and objectives: The aim of the present pilot-study was to evaluate in a clinical setting the quality of a linked image

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is the biomedical imaging modality to visualize the biological object with high contrast, high spatial and temporal resolutions. The PA image is degraded due to several parameters such as random noise, frequency, transducer, and laser components. A band-pass filter does not completely remove the noise since the noise is distributed in the bandwidth frequency. In this pap

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging can visualize the biological objects with high contrast and high spatial resolution. The biological objects in PA imaging are not always good light-absorber. Moreover, the biological objects sometimes only absorb light with a specific wavelength. Correspondingly, the contrast agents are relatively needed in PA imaging. We present the application of carbon nanotube (CNT)

Effects of droplet characteristics of mist/air cooling on heat transfer for three pin-fin structures are investigated. The round-tip pin-fin structure is newly proposed with partial detachment from one endwall with a round-shaped tip structure. A flat-tip pin-fin with partial detachment and a traditional pin-fin with full attachment serve as references. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations an

Purpose: Preoperative chemotherapy is underused in conjunction with radical cystectomy (RC) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) due to concerns for complications and delay of surgery. Prospective data on short-term complications from population-based settings with frequent use of preoperative chemotherapy and standardised reporting of complications is lacking. Methods: We identified 1,340 pa

Nanowire substrates play an increasingly important role for cell cultures as an approach for hybrid bio-semiconductor junctions. We investigate Jurkat T cells and neurons from mice cultured on Al 2 O 3 coated ordered and randomly distributed nanowires. Cell viability was examined by life/membrane staining reporting comparable viability on planar and nanowire substrates. Imaging the hybrid inter

Based upon cooperative apartments sold in Stockholm, Sweden during the period of 2012 to mid-2014, we find that leasehold status (meaning that the cooperative does not own the land that the apartment building occupies) has a small but statistically significant impact on price of −2.3% when controlling for location and apartment characteristics in a hedonic model. At the time of renegotiation (i.e.

Purpose: To study the impact of corneal guttata on postoperative visual acuity and patients’ self-assessed visual function after cataract surgery. Setting: Patient data from 49 Swedish cataract surgery units. Design: Retrospective cross-sectional register-based study. Methods: Data from patients who had cataract surgery from 2010 to 2017 and completed the Catquest-9SF questionnaire were obtained f