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Prostate-specific antigen (PSA or hK3) is a glandular kallikrein with abundant expression in the prostate that is widely used to detect and monitor prostate cancer (PCa), although the serum level is frequently elevated also in benign and inflammatory prostatic diseases. PSA testing is useful for early detection of localized PCa and for the detection of disease recurrence after treatment. However,

We investigate the coalescence of two DNA bubbles initially located at weak domains and separated by a more stable barrier region in a designed construct of double-stranded DNA. In a continuum Fokker-Planck approach, the characteristic time for bubble coalescence and the corresponding distribution are derived, as well as the distribution of coalescence positions along the barrier. Below the meltin

Speech variation of speakers is a crucial issue for speaker recognition and identification, especially for forensic practice. Greater intra-speaker variation is one main reason for incorrect speaker identification in real forensic situations. Understanding the stability of acoustic parameters and their variation in speech is therefore significant for the evaluation of effective parameters for spea

Solvation forces between large surfaces in athermal polymer solutions, in which both solvent particles and polymers are adsorbed at the surfaces, are studied with density functional theory. We investigate how the range of the surface potential affects the net interaction between the surfaces. Predictions from treatments in which the solvent is explicitly induced are compared with those obtained wi

Transcription factors encoded by different members of the MADS-box gene family have evolved central roles in the regulation of reproductive organ development in the flowering plants, the angiosperms. Development of the stamens and carpels, the pollen- and seed-bearing organs, involves the B- and C-organ-identity MADS-box genes. B- and C-type gene orthologs with activities specifically in developin

This paper proposes a bootstrap test for the null hypothesis of cointegration in panel data. The test is general enough to allow for dependence both within and between the cross-sectional units, and is shown to work well in small samples.

Imaging through scattering materials is an important research area that is generally limited to medical diagnostic applications. Published techniques typically use a method of time- or coherence-gating of ballistic photons that separates these early photons in order to acquire an image without the large background created by the later-arriving diffuse light. Because of the limited number of ballis

Aim: To compare effects of early insulin vs. glibenclamide treatment on beta-cell function, metabolic control and quality of life (QL) in recently diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Forty-nine patients with type 2 diabetes diagnosed 0-2 years before inclusion were randomized to two daily injections of premixed 30% soluble and 70% NPH insulin or glibenclamide at six diabetic clinics

A rheological study of mixed micelles formed by PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer P123 and nonionic surfactant C12EO6 in aqueous solutions has been carried out with the purpose of investigating the time dependence of a shape transition of the mixed micelles and characterizing the shape before and after the transition. The rheology results presented in this report give clear evidence that the P123-C12

CD40 is a member of the growing tumor necrosis factor receptor family that has been shown to play important roles in T cell-mediated B lymphocyte activation. Ligation of B cell CD40 by CD154, mainly expressed on activated T cells, stimulates B cell proliferation, differentiation, isotype switching, up-regulation of surface molecules contributing to antigen presentation, development of the germinal

Communicating cancer risk and recommending adequate control programs is central for genetic counseling. Individuals affected by hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) are at about 80% life-time risk of colorectal cancer and for female carriers 40-60% risk of endometrial cancer and 10-15% risk of ovarian cancer. The perceived risk among mutation carriers may, however, deviate from the ri

The dinoflagellate Peridinium aciculiferum forms blooms underneath the ice in temperate lakes and has previously been shown to have an allelopathic effect on a natural competitor as well as being haemolytic. Hence, we investigated whether P. aciculiferum is allelopathic towards a wide range of different freshwater phytoplankton species. We also tested the hypothesis that nutrient (N and P) deficie

When a spin bias is applied to a two-terminal device, a charge current will be generated. We demonstrate the rectification of such a current by studying spin-dependent transport through a quantum point contact (QPC) modulated by a spin-orbit interaction. When the polarization orientation of the spin bias (which is the spin-quantization axis) is along the transverse direction of the QPC, the two sp

The midbrain periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) integrates the basic responses necessary for survival of individuals and species. Examples are defense behaviors such as fight, flight, and freezing, but also sexual behavior, vocalization, and micturition. To control these behaviors the PAG depends on strong input from more rostrally located limbic structures, as well as from afferent input from the l

Complex tree-like nanostructures with controlled morphology are becoming increasingly important for the development of nanoscale devices. The position of branches on III-V semiconductor nanotrees is determined by the distribution of Au seed particles. Here we report the dependence of the distribution of Au aerosol nanoparticles on nanowires on parameters including distance between wires, particle