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The book deals with the issue of independence and especially the way to the Creation of an independent state in the Kurdish region in Iraq. One of the main topics dealt with in the book is the challenges nationally, regionally and internationally to an independent Kurdish state created in the future. We argue that the way to independence is going through negotiations with Baghdad.

Feasibility of energy justice: Exploring national and local efforts for energy development in Nepal

The energy justice framework serves as an important decision-making tool in order to understand how different principles of justice can inform energy systems and policies. The realization of the urgency of providing modern energy technology and services particularly to rural areas has prompted both the Nepalese government and development institutions to focus on community-run renewable energy faci

Recycling a fashionable wardrobe in the long eighteenth century in Sweden

This article highlights the role recycling played in clothes culture as found in examples from Lady Märta Helena Reenstierna’s diary (1793–1839) and garments in Swedish museum collections. By using approaches from Textile Studies, clothes are seen in a lifecycle perspective rather than regarding fashion as luxury consumption focusing on the moment of purchase. Recycling as a concept allows central

The Scandinavian Sarcoma Group Central Register : 6,000 patients after 25 years of monitoring of referral and treatment of extremity and trunk wall soft-tissue sarcoma

Purpose — We wanted to examine the potential of the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group (SSG) Central Register, and evaluate referral and treatment practice for soft-tissue sarcomas in the extremities and trunk wall (STS) in the Nordic countries. Background — Based on incidence rates from the literature, 8,150 (7,000–9,300) cases of STS of the extremity and trunk wall should have been diagnosed in Norway,

Antibiotic prescribing in relation to diagnoses and consultation rates in Belgium, the Netherlands and Sweden : use of European quality indicators

Objective: To assess the quality of antibiotic prescribing in primary care in Belgium, the Netherlands and Sweden using European disease-specific antibiotic prescribing quality indicators (APQI) and taking into account the threshold to consult and national guidelines. Design: A retrospective observational database study. Setting: Routine primary health care registration networks in Belgium, the Ne

How does a physical activity programme in elementary school affect fracture risk? : A prospective controlled intervention study in Malmo, Sweden

Objectives: Recent evidence from the 7-year followup of the Pediatric Osteoporosis Prevention (POP) study indicates an inverse correlation between years of participation in a physical activity (PA) intervention and fracture risk in children. However, we could not see a statistically significant reduction in fracture risk, which urged for an extension of the intervention. Setting: The study was con

Pluralism in Search of Sustainability: Ethics, Knowledge and Methdology in Sustainability Science

Sustainability Science is an emerging, transdisciplinary academic field that aims to help build a sustainable global society by drawing on and integrating research from the humanities and the social, natural, medical and engineering sciences. Academic knowledge is combined with that from relevant actors from outside academia, such as policy-makers, businesses, social organizations and citizens. Th

On Heat Transfer Issues for Wind Energy Systems

Control of heat transfer is important in wind power systems. In cold climate, the problems of icing and de-icing of the turbine blades need to be handled by efficient heat transfer technologies. Heat-generating components like electric generator, gear box, and frequency converters usually need cooling under operation by various cooling solutions such as air cooling, liquid cooling, and evaporative

Treatment of contaminated greywater using pelletised mine water sludge

Precipitated sludge (ochre) obtained from a mine water treatment plant was considered as an adsorbent substance for pollutants, since ochre is relatively free from problematic levels of toxic elements, which could impair on the quality of water to be treated. Artificially created ochre pellets from mixing Portland cement with raw ochre sludge were utilised to remediate either high (HC) or low (LC)

Model of nearshore random wave transformation : validation against laboratory and field data

This paper presents a two-dimensional numerical model of nearshore random wave transformation with a focus on model calibration and verification with both laboratory and field data. The model is based on the energy balance equation including diffraction and dissipation terms (Mase, 2001). The energy dissipation is determined based on the formulation by Dally et al. (1985), with new expressions for

Improving enzymatic activities and thermostability of a tri-functional enzyme with SOD, catalase and cell-permeable activities

Synergistic action of major antioxidant enzymes, e.g., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is known to be more effective than the action of any single enzyme. Recently, we have engineered a tri-functional enzyme, 6His-MnSOD-TAT/CAT-MnSOD (M-TAT/CM), with SOD, CAT and cell-permeable activities. The protein actively internalized into the cells and showed super

Terrestrial support of lake food webs: Synthesis reveals controls over cross-ecosystem resource use

Widespread evidence that organic matter exported from terrestrial into aquatic ecosystems supports recipient food webs remains controversial. A pressing question is not only whether high terrestrial support is possible but also what the general conditions are under which it arises. We assemble the largest data set, to date, of the isotopic composition (d2H, d13C, and d15N) of lake zooplankton and

Real-time in situ analysis of biocorona formation and evolution on silica nanoparticles in defined and complex biological environments

Biomolecules such as proteins immediately adsorb on the surface of nanoparticles upon their exposure to a biological environment. The formed adlayer is commonly referred to as biomolecule corona (biocorona) and defines the biological activity and toxicity of the nanoparticle. Therefore, it is essential to understand in detail the biocorona formation process, and how it is governed by parameters li

Tight global linear convergence rate bounds for Douglas–Rachford splitting

Recently, several authors have shown local and global convergence rate results for Douglas–Rachford splitting under strong monotonicity, Lipschitz continuity, and cocoercivity assumptions. Most of these focus on the convex optimization setting. In the more general monotone inclusion setting, Lions and Mercier showed a linear convergence rate bound under the assumption that one of the two operators