Volatile compounds emitted by bacteria are often sensed by other organisms as odours, but their ecological roles are poorly understood1,2. Well-known examples are the soil-smelling terpenoids geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB)3,4, which humans and various animals sense at extremely low concentrations5,6. The conservation of geosmin biosynthesis genes among virtually all species of Streptomyces

Purpose: Age and etiology play a crucial role in success of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) as a treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus. Outcome is worse in infants, and controversies still exist whether ETV is superior to shunt placement. We retrospectively analyzed 70 patients below 2 years from 4 different centers treated with ETV and assessed success. Methods: Children < 2 years who rec

Objective: To investigate the cross-sectional associations between depression in people with dementia and both caregiver burden and quality of life in 8 European countries, and to test these associations compared with the presence of other neuropsychiatric symptoms. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting and Participants: In total, 1223 dyads comprised of informal caregivers and people with dement

Myocarditis most often affects otherwise healthy athletes and is one of the leading causes of sudden death in children and young adults. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a genetically determined heart muscle disorder with increased risk for paroxysmal ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The clinical picture of myocarditis and ARVC may overlap during the early

AbstractNitrogenase is the only enzyme that can convert the inert nitrogen molecule to ammonia, so that it can be used for biomass production and in biosynthetic pathways. It contains a complicated acitve site, composed of eight metal ions, nine sulfur ions and one carbide ion (the FeMo cluster). Although it has been thoroughly studied with crystallographic, biochemical, kinetic, spectroscopic and

Chronic pancreatitis should be managed medically until a surgical correctable complication develops. The ‘ideal’ operation should have a low mortality and morbidity, be easy to perform, provide pain relief, rectify the structural abnormalities such as bile duct obstruction, and not augment exocrine and endocrine insufficiency. Direct measurements made at the time of laparotomy have shown that at l

Resective surgery for exocrine pancreatic cancer can currently be performed with little or no hospital mortality. The operation is most often performed as a Whipple resection, but several modifications (e.g., subtotal pancreatectomy) have been advocated. The pylorus-preserving modification has gained in popularity, although its ability to remove all lymph nodes has been questioned. Total pancreate

Mycobacteriophages possess different sets of lytic enzymes for disruption of the complex cell envelope of the mycobacteria host cells and release of the viral progeny. Lysin B (LysB) enzymes are mycolylarabinogalactan esterases that cleave the ester bond between the arabinogalactan and mycolic acids in the mycolylarabinogalactan-peptidoglycan (mAGP) complex in the cell envelope of mycobacteria. In

The objective of the presented work is to demonstrate the metabolism of 1,2 propandiol by Lactobacillus reuteri and to elucidate the metabolites produced during the process. This Metabolic pathway is crucial for biotechnological applications using L. reuteri in bioconversion of glycerol to industrially important plate-form chemicals. L. reuteri grown on minimal media containing 1,2 propanediol was

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Chromosomal instability is a well-known factor in the progression of different types of cancer, including colorectal cancer. Chromosomal instability results in severely rearranged karyotypes and aneuploidy. Tetraploidy constitutes an intermediate phase during the polyploidy/aneuploidy cascade in oncogenesis, and tetraploid cells are particularly resistant to chemotherapy. Whether

AimTo assess the prevalence, types and indications for fluid bolus therapy in neonates with haemodynamic compromise.MethodsThis was a pragmatic, international, multicentre observational study in neonatal units across Australasia, Europe and North America with a predefined study period of 10–15 study days per participating neonatal unit between December 2015 and March 2017. Infants ≤28 days of age

In order to investigate the relation between literature and television, one must consider how the influence goes both ways. The chapter accordingly investigates how contemporary literature reflects on, imitates and remediates modern television series. Drawing on theoretical approaches by Jim Collins and Jason Mittell, I analyse Mark Z. Danielewski’s serial novel The Familiar, which mimics and invo