Proceeding from the assumption that metaphors as well as pictures are iconic signs, the present contribution studies what happens when metaphors occur in figurative pictures. The author distinguishes between primary iconicity, the recognition of which is a condition for the categorization of an object as a sign, and secondary iconicity, which is perceived only after an object has been categorized

Objective: To develop core recommendations for the learning outcomes of an undergraduate curriculum in musculoskeletal conditions for any parts of the globe. Methods: Recommendations were developed by wide consultation with experts in orthopaedics, rheumatology, osteoporosis, and rehabilitation from all parts of the world who had interest and experience in these specialties, with the support of in

In this study of the transfer function of copies of the Vienna-type differential mobility analyser (DMA) it was found that three, supposedly identical, DMAs exhibited distinct differences with respect to the width of the transfer function. This means that the transfer function of a DMA needs to be determined on an individual basis in order to obtain accurate results from DMA measurements. The size

The enzymatic and bioelectrocatalytic activity of tyrosinase from mushrooms was studied in a system of reversed micelles formed by Aerosol OT (AOT) in hexane. The optimal catechol oxidising activity of tyrosinase incorporated in reversed micelles was found at a hydration degree of w(0) = 25. The catalytic activity was comparable with tyrosinase activity in aqueous media. When immobilized at an Au

During two consecutive years 607 individuals with lower limb fractures were diagnosed. Half of the individuals, 315, were women and only 14 of them had an earlier registration for alcoholism. In the 292 men, however, 73 men or 25%, had been registered at the Department of Alcohol Diseases at least once during the 13 years of observation, the highest registration frequency (30%) was noted in the ma

The sensitivity to geometrical imperfections of various test methods for wood-adhesive bonds was investigated using nonlinear finite element analysis. The adhesive layers in the specimens were modelled using a nonlinear softening, fracture mechanics model. The specimen types corresponded to the standards according to ASTM-D4680, ASTM-D905, EN-302-1 and a modified version of the ASTM-D3535 specimen

Abundances of O, Fe, Al, Mg, Na and Li determined from high-resolutionand high signal-to-noise spectra of 21 red giant branch (RGB) stars inthe globular cluster NGC 6752 are presented. We demonstrate that theStrömgren c1 index correlates extremely well with themeasured NH, CH and CN indices and that variations in c1 aredue to differences in UV NH band strengths. As shown by Grundahl et al.(cite{gr

Plant ecologists have placed increasing emphasis on a functional understanding of vegetation. One way to gain insight into the assemblage of vegetation communities is to investigate plant trait responses to environmental gradients or experimental treatments. We present simulations of responses of suites of traits to treatments differing in soil resources and disturbance intensity, in order to cons

Seventeen globular clusters in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds were observed in the mid-infrared wavelength region with the ISOCAM instrument on board the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). Observations were made using the broadband filters LW1, LW2, and LW10, corresponding to the effective wavelengths of 4.5, 6.7, and 12 mum, respectively. We present the photometry of point sources in each c

The generation of harmonics through a nonlinear mechanism driven by bunching at the fundamental has sparked interest as a path toward enhancing and extending the usefulness of an X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) facility. The sensitivity of the nonlinear harmonic generation to undulator imperfections, electron beam energy spread, peak current, and emittance is important in an evaluation of the proc

As a first application of optical double resonance and zero field level crossing spectroscopy to the elements of the sixth group in the periodic table of the atoms, the 5p36s5S2 level in the Te-I spectrum was investigated using natural tellurium in a high temperature quartz cell. For the electronic Landé-factor and the natural radiative lifetime the following values were obtained:$$g_J \left( {5p^

Flowers of some Phlox (Phlox x paniculata L.) varieties undergo daily colour shifts, being blue in the early morning, turning red during the day, and returning to blue in the evening. The colour shift, which occurs only in the upper (adaxial) petal surfaces, is due to the daily changes in ambient light. In the laboratory, colour shifts could be induced by 2.5 h of ultraviolet, visible or far-red l

Aim: To estimate the incidence of dystocia, to describe outcomes of labour with dystocia and augmentation, to identify anthropometrical-, life style-, obstetric- and clinical risk indicators for dystocia, to elucidate nulliparous women’s experiences of prolonged labours and to describe some aspects of the midwifery care during labour and delivery. Design: A multi-centre cohort study with prospecti

Aims The main aim of this study was to describe the age at which pathological aortic root dilation occurs in patients with Marfan's syndrome (MFS). Methods and results A total of 160 patients with MFS attending a regional cardiac centre were reviewed retrospectively. Dilation of the ascending aorta was diagnosed by comparing the maximum aortic sinus measurement with control data from the literatur

Objective. To review the best medical management of critical limb ischaemia (CLI). Methods. Published studies dealing with CLI and risk factors were searched for via PUBMED. Findings and conclusions. Patients with critical limb ischaemia (CLI) have a one and ten year mortality of approximately 20% and 75% respectively. Risk factors for the development of peripheral atherosclerosis are the same as

The FACET (Formoterol and Corticosteroid Establishing Therapy) study established that there is a clear clinical benefit in adding formoterol to budesonide therapy in patients who have persistent symptoms of asthma despite treatment with low to moderate doses of an inhaled corticosteroid. We combined the clinical results from the FACET study with an expert survey on average resource use in connecti