Tumour cells use two major routes to spread during metastasis, e.g. lymph vessels and blood vessels within or surrounding the primary tumour. The growth rate of the primary tumour often correlates with the quantity of new blood vessels that form within the tumour. However, qualitative abnormalities of the tumour vasculature profoundly affect the perfusion of the primary tumour and the escape of tu

Background: Long-term pain is an important outcome after inguinal hernia repair. The aim of this study was to test the validity and reliability of a specific Inguinal Pain Questionnaire (IPQ). Methods: The study recruited patients aged between 15 and 85 years who had undergone primary inguinal or femoral hernia repair. To test the validity of the questionnaire, 100 patients received the IPQ and th

Purpose: To study the incidence of aphakia after cataract surgery, the surgical complications that can lead to it, and the visual outcome. Setting: Six community-run eye clinics participating in the Swedish National Cataract Register. Methods: Data on cataract extractions were collected prospectively from 1997 through 2001. The data also covered the type of surgery and type of intraocular lens, in

Surface electromyography (EMG) has been used extensively to estimate muscular load in studies of work related musculoskeletal disorders, especially for the trapezius muscle. The occurrences of periods of EMG silence (gaps), the time below a predetermined threshold level (muscular rest) and various percentiles of the amplitude distribution (APDF) are commonly used summary measures. However, the eff

The Forsmark area, in the western part of the Svecofennian orogen, central Sweden, is situated between two major Palaeoproterozoic tectonic domains that show contrasting histories with respect to timing of igneous activity, ductile deformation and metamorphism. Geological features common to both the adjacent domains are found at Forsmark, which, consequently, is a key area for understanding the te

Clonal sedges consist of integrated ramets at different development stages. Many of these sedges are important food for herbivores, yet differences in herbivore preferences and defence allocation between ramet development stages have not previously been evaluated. In this study we investigated intraclonal ramet variation in level of plant defence and nutrient compounds and intraclonal ramet prefer

Southern Sweden has long been exposed to an increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition. We investigated the effects of this supply on the Sphagnum mire vegetation in SW Gotaland by comparing above-ground tissue concentrations of N and P and biomass variables in five vascular plant and two Sphagnum species collected during three periods since 1955 at 81 sites representing three vegetation types, vi

A novel minicolumn chromatgraphic method to monitor the production of inclusion bodies during fermentation and anenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system allowing direct analysis of the particles with surface-displayed antigens are described. A 33-kDa protein containing 306 amino acids with three sulfur bridges produced its inclusion bodies wits labeled with polyclonal antibodies against 1

Transplantation of allogeneic embryonic neural tissue is a potential treatment for patients with Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. The supply of human donor tissue is limited, and alternatives such as the use of animal (e.g., porcine) donor tissue are currently being evaluated. Before porcine grafts can be used clinically, strategies to prevent neural xenograft rejection must be developed. Kn

The bonding configuration and electronic structure of ethylene oxide adsorbed on Si(100)-(2 x 1) is investigated with fully polarization resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy as well as with core level and valence band photoemission spectroscopy. Ethylene oxide is found to adsorb via a ring-opening reaction, where the molecule forms a five-membered ring together with the silicon surface dimer ato

Mild oxidation catalysts are used to product a wide range industrial chemicals from hydrocarbons, whereas deep oxidation catalysts yield CO2 and are becoming important in the cleaning of emissions from combustion of carbonaceous fuels. Here we report on a catalyst1 that facilitates both mild and deep oxidation of toluene in the presence of molecular oxygen and ammonia. At low partial pressures of

A feature at a binding energy of similar to 2.5eV which has not previously been discussed in the literature is observed in the photoemission spectra of the valence band of La1-xSrxMnO3 single crystals. To reveal the origin of this feature measurements of resonant photoemission on La1-xSrxMnO3 were performed as well as absorption spectra at the La N and Mn L-2,L-3 edges at liquid nitrogen and room

Many bactericide species express surface proteins that interact with human serum albumin (HSA). Protein PAB from the anaerobic bacterium Finegoldia magna ( formerly Peptostreptococcus magnus) represents one of these proteins. Protein PAB contains a domain of 53 amino acid residues known as the GA module. GA homologs are also found in protein G of group C and G streptococci. Here we report the crys