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This thesis answers the question what causes the increased level of authority of international organizations in general and in the Council of the Baltic Sea States in particular. This is a qualitative research with wide angle view on the case study of the Council of the Baltic Sea States. The analysis of the case is done by relying mainly on primary sources, such as official documentation of the C
The paper analyzes the national judgment in the Laval case and argues that horizontal liability for damages is possible. Additionally, the paper shows that state liability is usually possible in the case of horizontal liability. It also touches upon the question of whether there are community rights to damages arising from the ECJ case law. At the same time, it argues that the state liability requ
Copyright has traditionally been considered as a right that has a social function. Thus, among the various justifications for its existence, it is the utilitarian or instrumentalist justification that has often been hoisted in order to assess how well it serves the needs of society. From its inception as a concept, copyright has been justified as a necessary evil that, to quote Macaulay, “ought no
Growing Russian oil export and an overall growing trade made the Baltic Sea one of the busiest shipping areas in the world, but the marine environment has suffered greatly from this development. Although not solely responsible for this unfortunate development, the International Maritime Organization has addressed this issue by designating the Baltic as a particularly sensitive sea area (PSSA) and
The “pay to be paid” Rule is a fundamental component of Protection & Indemnity (hereinafter referred to as “P&I”) insurance policies, which requires a Club Member to discharge his liabilities to the injured third party before he can be indemnified by the P&I Club. If the Club Member cannot compensate the third party as a result of insolvency, the third party is denied full satisfaction
Article 4 of the Community Trade Mark Regulation (CTMR) defines signs of which a Community trade mark may consist in a very wide manner, expressly including the shape of goods or of their packaging. However, with regard to such shapes, the Regulation in its Article 7(1)(e) introduces a, in comparison with other signs, additional ground for refusal that has to be overcome when seeking registration.
Section 78(4) of the Marine Insurance Act 1906 (hereinafter referred to as the “MIA 1906”) imposes a duty on the assured “in all cases to take such measures as may be reasonable for the purpose of averting or minimising a loss”. In addition to this statutory duty, under the most widely used H&M (hull and machinery) forms as well as in accordance with the so-called P&I (protection and indem
By ratifying ILO Conventions, ILO Member States undertake to bring national legislation and practice into full compliance with these international labour instruments. However, the question remains whether the countries actually implement their international commitments. The assessment of national compliance with the ratified ILO Standards may help to find out the good practices to be followed by
Mitt syfte med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur upplevelsen av psalmsång hos vana kyrkobesökare kan förstås och beskrivas. Jag har velat undersöka den långa tradition av församlingens gemensamma sång som är en självklar del av den kristna gudstjänsten. Berör psalmsången? Är man som deltagare entusiastisk eller kan det t.o.m. vara otrevligt att sjunga? Syftet är att öka kunskapen om psalmsång och då
Bakgrund: Forskare hävdar att framtidens konsumenter inte kommer att köpa produkter utan istället livsstilar, historier, upplevelser samt de känslor produkterna uttrycker. När relationen mellan konsumtion och identitet blir allt starkare och konsumenter i allt större utsträckning söker en mening genom sitt konsumerande, ställs således nya krav på företag och sättet de förmedlar sina varumärken. Hu
Uppsatsen behandlar ämnet varumärkesupplevelser i samband med företagsbloggar. Detta för att utröna vilka varumärkesupplevelser en företagsblogg kan framkalla.
Abstract Title: Creating quality services – requirements for managers implementing Lean Healthcare. Institution: Department of Service Management, Lund University, Campus Helsingborg Course: Master of degree, spring 2010, SMT X07, 15 hp Authors: Helena Larsen & Åsa Tagesson Advisors: Katja Lindqvist & Jan E Persson Keywords: Lean Healthcare, Management, Leadership, Process Management, Chan
Kommunmedborgare kan agera för att påverka förutsättningarna för den kommunala vardagen och därmed sitt liv. Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva de verktyg som är tillgängliga för kommunmedborgare i kommunallagen. Kommunmedborgare fungerar i fem olika aktörsroller; uppdragsgivare, initiativtagare, beredare, brukare och bevakare. Kommunmedborgare ger uppdraget till valda representanter att beLocal Citizens can act to influence the bases of the local everyday life and hence their own life. The objective of this essay is to describe the tools accessible to local citizens in kommunallagen. Local Citizens are in this essay described as five different types of participants. They are assigner, initiator, preparer, user and guarder. Local Citizens gives every fourth year in local elections
Lagen (2002:599) om grupprättegång (GrL) trädde i kraft i januari 2003. Grupptalanförfarandet är intressant ur ett rättsvetenskapligt perspektiv eftersom taleformen skiljer sig mycket åt från den traditionella civilrättsliga tvåpartsprocessen i svensk rätt. Dess tillkomst är en reaktion på ändrade samhällsförhållanden och ett nytt affärsklimat som har bidragit till nya rättsliga problem. Det uppstIn January 2003, the Swedish Act (2002:599) on Group Litigations (GrL) came into force. It stipulated a possibility to initiate a Class Action in Swedish Courts. The Class Action as a litigation form is very different from the traditional civil proceedings in Swedish law. It is a reaction to changing social conditions and a new business climate that has contributed to new legal issues. During the
The legislation for energy consumption in homes has been strengthened in recent years. In pursuit of energy-efficient homes various forms of low-energy houses have been developed, including Passive Houses. Progress has been made regarding walls, windows and roofs to create a low U-value, while the foundation of the house has been put aside from energy saving point of view. For that reason the aim
ABSTRACT Today the retail sector distribution channels for fruits and vegetables, heading towards Swedish consumers, often involve large channel members as producer organisations, distributors and retailers working with cost efficient economies of scale and centralised purchasing organisations. These circumstances make it difficult for growers operating on a small scale. In their wish to expand ma
Den här uppsatsen handlar om nationella institutioner för mänskliga rättigheter, även kallade NHRIs (National Human Rights Institutions) och reglerna som styr dem. De nationella institutionernas verkliga genombrott kom med antagandet av en samling principer 1991, Parisprinciperna, som sedan dess har omhuldats av Förenta Nationernas olika organ. Principerna reglerar mandatet, uppgifterna, oberoendeDen här uppsatsen handlar om nationella institutioner för mänskliga rättigheter, även kallade NHRIs (National Human Rights Institutions) och reglerna som styr dem. De nationella institutionernas verkliga genombrott kom med antagandet av en samling principer 1991, Parisprinciperna, som sedan dess har omhuldats av Förenta Nationernas olika organ. Principerna reglerar mandatet, uppgifterna, oberoende
The doctrine of joint criminal enterprise (JCE) is a form of individual criminal liability in international criminal law. This doctrine was formed by the Appeals Chamber of the ICTY in the Tadić Case in 1999. Since then, the JCE has grown to play a major role in the charges and convictions before international criminal tribunal. Due to this doctrine, the members who formed the criminal plan are re
