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IMPORTANCE: Sleep disturbances are recognized as a common nonmotor complaint in Parkinson disease but their etiology is poorly understood.OBJECTIVE: To define the sleep and circadian phenotype of patients with early-stage Parkinson disease.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Initial assessment of sleep characteristics in a large population-representative incident Parkinson disease cohort (N=239) at
The long-acting beta 2-agonist salmeterol has been shown in several in vitro studies to produce non-beta-mediated relaxant effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether these effects have any relevance in humans in vivo. Thirteen healthy individuals were studied in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study on five separate days. The subjects were pre-treated orally with eithe
BACKGROUND: The risk of ischaemic events in asymptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To follow up patients with asymptomatic atherosclerotic middle cerebral artery stenosis (MCAS) to evaluate the long term stroke risk in its territory. METHODS: Consecutive white patients with asymptomatic atherosclerotic MCAS were enrolled. Patients with MCAS of possible or proven non-ather
Contractions in the rat portal vein, evoked by spontaneous action potentials or depolarizing high-K+ solution, are rapidly and reversibly inhibited by hypoxia or respiratory blockade. Intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) was measured using Fura-2 to evaluate the effects of metabolic blockade on excitation-contraction coupling. Spontaneous contractions were associated with transient increases in [C
Fungal (acetate-in-ergosterol incorporation) and bacterial (leucine/thymidine incorporation) growth resulting from alfalfa (C/N = 15) and barley straw (C/N = 75) addition was studied in soil microcosms for 64 days. Nitrogen amendments were used to compensate for the C/N difference between the substrates. Fungal growth increased to a maximum after 3–7 days, at five to eight times the controls, foll
High plasma levels of oestrogens are associated with increased breast cancer risk. If smoking, as has been suggested, have both a tumour initiating mutagenic effect and a protective anti-oestrogenic effect, one would assume that smokers who give up smoking have the highest incidence of breast cancer. This was evaluated in the follow-up of a cohort of 10,902 women of whom 4,359 were premenopausal.
It is shown how first-order performance estimation of high-orderadaptive optics (AO) systems may be efficiently implemented in a hybridnumerical simulation by the use of 1) sparse matrix techniques forwavefront reconstruction, 2) undersampled pupil-plane turbulence-inducedaberrations, and 3) analytical models that compensate - in the limit ofinfinite exposure time - for the errors introduced by un
The variability in the morphology, modal number of chromosomes, TCR expression and functional reactivity of a CII-specific T-cell hybridoma at continuous subcultivation have been investigated. As the number of passages increased, besides the oval semiadherent cells (normal phenotype), fibroblast-like cells (transformed phenotype) were also observed. The two cell subpopulations differed in their ka
Objective: To evaluate the cumulative risk of having a prostate cancer diagnosis in a repeated screening situation in relation to the free-to-total prostate specific antigen ratio (F/T-PSA). Patients and Methods: The present study includes 1385 men (aged 50-70 years) who underwent prostate biopsy for the first time in the screening program that started in 1995. In case of a benign finding, the men
Xanthine derivatives are known to accelerate mucociliary transport in the lower airways, probably by preventing degradation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and thereby increasing its intracellular concentration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cAMP on mucociliary activity in the upper airways. The effect on the mucociliary activity in the rabbit maxillary sinus
Type 2 diabetic patients often die because of end-stage renal failure, but no definitive reliable factor predicting long-term renal outcome has been identified. We tested whether a renal arterial resistance index (R/I) >= 80, using Doppler ultrasound technique, was predictive of worsening renal function. The primary end points of the study were 1) the course of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and
An open, crossover and randomized study was carried out to compare the safety and efficacy of salbutamol inhaled using the dry-powder inhaler Turbuhaler, and using a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI). Twelve patients with moderate to severe asthma, aged 47-68 years, were included in the study. On two separate days, patients received a total dose of 1600 micrograms of salbutamol administered
Cyclic and congenital neutropenia are caused by mutations in the human neutrophil elastase (HNE) gene (ELA2), leading to an immunodeficiency characterized by decreased or oscillating levels of neutrophils in the blood. The HNE mutations presumably cause loss of enzyme activity, consequently leading to compromised immune system function. To understand the structural basis for the disease, we implem
The early cancer studies on immigrants, which started to appear some 50 years ago, showed that the incidence in cancers changes to the level of the new host country in one or two generations. These findings were fundamental to the understanding of the environmental etiology of human cancer. Many immigrant groups originate from countries with no cancer registration, and, hence, the immigrant studie
The cortical microtubules determine how cellulose microfibrils are deposited in the plant cell wall and are thus important for the control of cell expansion. To understand how microtubules can control microfibril deposition, the components that link the microtubules to the plasma membrane (PM) of plant cells must be isolated. To obtain information on the properties of the tubulin-membrane associat
The effectiveness of both preoperative autologous donation (PAD) and intraoperative autotransfusion (IAT) with an autotransfusion device has recently been questioned. Preoperative apheresis, with separation of concentrated platelet rich-plasma (c-PRP) and erythrocyte concentrate (ERC), represents an aggressive use of the autotransfusion device. Can such a procedure replace PAD in total hip replace
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) blockade on cell survival and on downstream signalling pathways using the monoclonal antibody cetuximab. METHODS: We used three colon cancer cell lines, of which one was EGFR-negative, and two head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) lines. EGFR expression and gene copy number were measur
