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The SM2RAIN (soil moisture to rain) model has been widely used for rainfall estimation worldwide. However, due to the lack of sufficient ground observation, the SM2RAIN model driven by different passive microwave soil moisture products over the Tibetan Plateau has not been fully validated. In this article, four widely used satellite microwave soil moisture products (including SMAP, ASCAT, SMOS, an

Phytoplankton have short generation times, flexible reproduction strategies, large population sizes and high standing genetic diversity, traits that should facilitate rapid evolution under directional selection. We quantified local adaptation of copper tolerance in a population of the diatom Skeletonema marinoi from a mining-exposed inlet in the Baltic Sea and in a non-exposed population 100 km aw

Context.Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) contains the first release of magnitudes estimated from the integration of Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS) spectra for a sample of about 32.2 million stars brighter than GRVS∼ 14 mag (or G ∼ 15 mag). Aims. In this paper, we describe the data used and the approach adopted to derive and validate the GRVS magnitudes published in DR3. We also provide estimates of t

OBJECTIVE: Communication about patients' values, goals, and prognosis in serious illness (serious illness communication) is a cornerstone of person-centered care yet difficult to implement in practice. As part of Serious Illness Care Program implementation in five health systems, we studied the clinical culture-related factors that supported or impeded improvement in serious illness conversations.

PURPOSE: To assess the performance of the post-cardiac arrest (CA) prognostication strategy algorithm recommended by the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) in 2020. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of the Korean Hypothermia Network Prospective Registry 1.0. Unconscious patients without confounders at day 4 (72-96 h) after retu

The skate Leucoraja erinacea has an elaborately shaped pupil, whose characteristics and functions have received little attention. The goal of our study was to investigate the pupil response in relation to natural ambient light intensities. First, we took a recently developed sensory-ecological approach, which gave us a tool for creating a controlled light environment for behavioural work: During a

Purpose: Hematoma volume is the strongest predictor of patient outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The aim of this study was to validate novel fully automated software for quantification of ICH volume on non-contrast computed tomography (CT). Methods: The population was defined from the Swedish Stroke Register (RS) and included all patients with an ICH diagnosis during 2016–2019 in Regio

Salinity tolerance-associated phenotypes of 35 EMS mutagenized wheat lines originating from BARI Gom-25 were compared. Vegetative growth was measured using non-destructive image-based phenotyping. Five different NaCl concentrations (0 to 160 mM) were applied to plants 19 days after planting (DAP 19), and plants were imaged daily until DAP 38. Plant growth, water use, leaf Na+, K+ and Cl− content,

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective and safe for adults with severe depression, but less studied in adolescents. Here, we examined the indications, prevalence, practice, response and remission rates, and side effects in young people treated with ECT in Sweden. We also examined the usage of ECT in the transition to adult psychiatry. Using data from national patient registers and the Swedis

Rationale: Galectin-3 (Gal-3) drives fibrosis during chronic lung injury, however, its role in acute lung injury (ALI) remains unknown. Effective pharmacological therapies available for ALI are limited; identifying novel concepts in treatment is essential. GB0139 is a Gal-3 inhibitor currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. We investigate the role

Various mechanisms of secondary ice production (SIP) cause multiplication of numbers of ice particle, after the onset of primary ice. A measure of SIP is the ice enhancement ratio (“IE ratio”) defined here as the ratio between number concentrations of total ice (excluding homogeneously nucleated ice) and active ice-nucleating particles (INPs). A convective line observed on 11 May 2011 over the Sou

Background and purpose: High levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3) are associated with a lower risk for multiple sclerosis (MS). The bioavailability of 25(OH)D3 is regulated by its main plasma carrier, vitamin D-binding protein (DBP). Free 25(OH)D3 can be estimated by also measuring DBP concentration. In addition, DBP has immunomodulatory functions that may independently affect MS pathogenesis

The applicability of using flat composite plates and hollow core composite cylinders for moisture absorption testing of unidirectional glass/polymer composites used in high voltage composite (non-ceramic) insulators was examined. Two main issues were addressed in this work. First, the effect of specimen geometry (cylinders vs. plates) on moisture absorption by the composites was investigated both

Human prostate specific antigen, PSA, is a product of the human glandular kallikrein gene locus on chromosome 19 that is almost selectively expressed by prostate tissue. PSA is one of the dominating prostate derived proteins in seminal fluid. The mature form of PSA, a single chain glycoprotein of 237 amino acids, is a serine protease manifesting restricted chymotrypsin-like activity. PSA is mainly

Rationale: The management of indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPNs) remains challenging, resulting in invasive procedures and delays in diagnosis and treatment. Strategies to decrease the rate of unnecessary invasive procedures and optimize surveillance regimens are needed. Objectives: To develop and validate a deep learning method to improve the management of IPNs. Methods:ALung Cancer Prediction

BACKGROUND: Diet-related greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe) mainly comes from animal-sourced foods. As progressive changes are more acceptable for a sustainable food transition, we aimed to identify nutritionally adequate and culturally acceptable optimized diets ensuring a gradual reduction in GHGe, using observed diet from a large sample of French adults, while considering the mode of food producti

Objective: Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease with motor, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. Non-motor symptoms like depression and altered social cognition are proposed to be caused by dysfunction of the hypothalamus. We measured the hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a cohort of HD gene expansion carriers (HDGECs), comp

Background: The outcome in patients after surgery for acute type A aortic dissection without replacement of the part of the aorta containing the primary tear is undefined. Methods: Data of 1122 patients who underwent surgery for acute type A aortic dissection in 8 Nordic centers from January 2005 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients with primary tear location unfound, unkno

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) lacks standardization. The aim of this study was to investigate methodological aspects of PWV measurements by CMR in neonates and adolescents. A computer phantom was created to validate the temporal resolution required for accurate PWV. Fifteen neonates and 71 adolescents underwent CMR with reference standard 3D angiography and p