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Time-resolved photoluminescence is a validated method for tracking the photoexcited carrier dynamics in luminescent materials. This technique probes the photoluminescence decays upon a periodic excitation by short laser pulses. Herein, we show that this approach cannot directly detect hidden photoexcitations with much slower dynamics than the photoluminescence decay. We demonstrate a new method ba
Background: Despite known benefits of physical activity in reducing breast cancer risk, its impact on mammographic characteristics remain unclear and understudied. This study aimed to investigate associations between pre-diagnostic physical activity and mammographic features at breast cancer diagnosis, specifically mammographic breast density (MBD) and mammographic tumor appearance (MA), as well a
Background and aims: Normative values are lacking regarding intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) in thin sections of 5 µm. Thus, we aimed to assess IENFD in thin sections in a healthy adult population as well as to investigate whether IENFD is related to age, sex, and site of excision.Methods: Archival skin biopsies or excisions at the Department of Pathology, Lund, Sweden, from arm and leg
Recently, it has become a focus to reduce non-exhaust aerosol emissions from the transport sector. One possible way to decrease brake particle emissions is by laser-cladding coatings onto brake discs. This work tested five different laser-cladding coated brake discs against a non-asbestos organic brake pad. The performance of these coatings was compared to a commercial grey cast iron brake disc te
Drug-resistant bacterial infections are among the most severe physiological challenges facing human health. Therefore, the detection and inactivation of pathogenic bacteria remains a crucial therapeutic goal in modern society. In this study, we design multifunctional nanocomposites aimed at bacterial binding, fluorescence labeling, and synergistic antibacterial treatment. These nanocomposites are
ObjectivesTo investigate bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporosis prevalence and SSc-specific associations of BMD in SSc patients compared with background population.MethodsIn total, 211 SSc patients (182 women, 29 men; mean age 61.3 and 62.2 years, respectively) and 505 age- and sex-matched controls from the same geographic area participated. BMD and T-score at total hip and lumbar spine was meas
Prokaryotic Argonaute proteins (pAgos) from the long-A clade are stand-alone immune systems that use small interfering DNA (siDNA) guides to recognize and cleave invading plasmid and virus DNA. Certain long-A pAgos are co-encoded with accessory proteins with unknown functions. Here, we show that cyanobacterial long-A pAgos act in conjunction with Argonaute-associated Cas4 family enzyme 1 (ACE1). S
Songbird migration involves frequent migratory flights interrupted by several days of stopover to refuel. For first-year migratory birds, this entails stopping in unfamiliar locations to exploit local resources and maximise fuelling rates. However, stopovers also pose mortality risks due to predator presence. We aimed to determine whether auditory cues from avian predators with differing hunting s
Within the FLASH2020+ upgrade, the pump-probe laser capabilities of the extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) FLASH in Hamburg will be extended. In particular, providing wavelength tunability, shorter pulse durations, and reduced arrival time jitter will increase the scientific opportunities and the time resolution for the XFEL-optical laser pump-probe experiments. We prese
We report pulse energy scaling enabled by the use of Laguerre-Gaussian single-vortex (LG0,l) beams for spectral broadening in a sub-40 cm long Herriott-type bulk multi-pass cell. Beams with orders l=1−3 are generated by a spatial light modulator, which facilitates rapid and precise reconfiguration of the experimental conditions. 180 fs pulses with 610 uJ pulse energy are post-compressed to 44 fs u
Objective: This study aimed to compare cumulative [fresh and frozen embryo transfers from one ovarian stimulation (OS) cycle] pregnancy and live birth rates in women for whom the choice between recombinant FSH (rFSH) and urinary FSH (uFSH) for OS was linked to FSH receptor (FSHR) N680S genotype and compared these to non-genotyped controls.Methods: To define the optimal combination of FSH type and
Two-dimensional neuronal cultures have a limited ability to recapitulate the in vivo environment of the brain. Here, we introduce a three-dimensional in vitro model for human glia-to-neuron conversion, surpassing the spatial and temporal constrains of two-dimensional cultures. Focused on direct conversion to induced dopamine neurons (iDANs) relevant to Parkinson disease, the model generates functi
Recent epidemiological studies have suggested a positive association between ultra-processed food consumption and breast cancer risk, although some studies also reported no association. Furthermore, the evidence regarding the associations between intake of food with lower degrees of processing and breast cancer risk is limited. Thus, we investigated the associations between dietary intake by degre
Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Enhancement through the Power of Big Data in Europe (PIONEER) is a European network of excellence for big data in prostate cancer. PIONEER brings together 34 private and public stakeholders from 9 countries in one multidisciplinary research consortium with the aim of positively transforming the field of prostate cancer clinical care by answering pressing que
Introduction Delayed palliative management (DPM) is an alternative for prostate cancer (PCa) patients with poor performance status, or those who received radical treatment but progressed and no longer meet the criteria for curative treatment. PIONEER is a large network of federated data analytic platforms in PCa that aims to improve its care through the application of big data analytics. The objec
Objectives: Dyspnea, or breathlessness, is a frequent and distressing symptom among patients with heart and lung diseases, particularly in advanced cancer stages, where it affects up to 90% of lung cancer cases. This symptom considerably diminishes quality of life, leading to physical deconditioning, increased levels of anxiety and depression, repeated hospitalizations, and elevated mortality rate
This chapter starts with a review of the theoretical foundation for understanding two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) signals in molecular systems. We derive and motivate key properties of 2DES, demonstrating its ability to yield complex information about energy transfer processes and couplings within molecular assemblies, such as photosynthetic antennae. We continue with a discussion e
The pursuit of high charge carrier mobility in nanostructures is crucial for advancing both device development and exploring fundamental physics. This study focuses on minimizing scattering to achieve high mobility, employing a polytype type-II interface formed between wurtzite and zincblende InP. On the zincblende side, electrons accumulate, while holes gather on the wurtzite side, resulting in t
The underlying cause of neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unknown, but evidence implicates neuroinflammation in PD pathobiology. The pro-inflammatory cytokine soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) seems to play an important role and thus has been proposed as a therapeutic target for modulation of the neuroinflammatory processes in PD. In this regard, dominant-negative TNF (DN-TNF) ag
Although its role has been debated, temporal artery biopsy (TAB) remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of cranial giant cell arteritis (GCA). The specificity of TAB is excellent and the sensitivity, albeit lower, is comparable with other diagnostic modalities used for the diagnosis of GCA. This outpatient procedure has a low rate of complications and is well integrated in the majority of hea
