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To study the direct electron transfer (DET) of the multicofactor enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) in regard to its orientation on an electrode surface, a recently published, maleimide-based immobilization method was used in combination with site-directed mutagenesis to establish different orientations on an electrode surface. CDH from Myriococcum thermophilum was chosen for this study because
Neuromuscular disorders are often caused by heterogeneous mutations in large, structurally complex genes. Targeting compensatory modifier genes could be beneficial to improve disease phenotypes. Here we report a mutation-independent strategy to upregulate the expression of a disease-modifying gene associated with congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A) using the CRISPR activation system in m
Artificial groundwater recharge is commonly used for drinking water supply. The resulting water quality is highly dependent on the raw water quality. In many cases, pre-treatment is required. Pre-treatment improves the drinking water quality, although how and to what extent it affects the subsequent pond water quality and infiltration process, is still unknown. We evaluated two treatment systems b
Mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy techniques have been used extensively for metabolite profiling. Although combining these two analytical modalities has the potential of enhancing metabolite coverage, such studies are sparse. In this study we test the hypothesis that combining the metabolic information obtained using liquid chromatography (LC) MS and 1H NMR s
Background: Choice theory stems from psychological concepts like self-concept, successful identity, and quality of the world. The theory encourages adolescents to accept the responsibility for their choices on the one hand and predict the effect of such decisions on their lives on the other hand. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of choice theory-based group training in inte
Biological aerosol particles affect human health, are essential for microbial and gene dispersal, and have been proposed as important agents for atmospheric processes. However, the abundance and size distributions of atmospheric biological particles are largely unknown. In this study we used a laser-induced fluorescence instrument to measure fluorescent biological aerosol particle (FBAP) concentra
BACKGROUND: Segmenting the whole-body somatostatin receptor-expressing tumour volume (SRETVwb) on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) images is highly time-consuming but has shown value as an independent prognostic factor for survival. An automatic method to measure SRETVwb could improve disease status assessment and provide a tool for prognostication. This study aimed to dev
Background: Plaque analysis with coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is a promising tool to identify high risk of future coronary events. The analysis process is time-consuming, and requires highly trained readers. Deep learning models have proved to excel at similar tasks, however, training these models requires large sets of expert-annotated training data. The aims of this study were
BACKGROUND: Higher body weight is a well-known determinant of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. It is however less well studied how the change in weight from age 20 years to middle age or old age affects MetS development.METHODS: In the community-based EpiHealth (n = 19,000, age range 45 to 75 years, 56% females) and PIVUS (n = 1000, all aged 70 years, 50% females) studies, the par
Background and aims: There is convincing evidence that adaptive immune responses affect the development of atherosclerosis and thrombosis and several autoimmune diseases are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. However, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains limited. We investigated how biomarkers reflecting four aspects of autoimmunity: apoptosis, inflammation, tissue de
Background: Childhood obesity is a major clinical and economic health concern. Alongside the clinical understanding of obesity, there is a growing interest in designing and implementing interventions that are worth their money given the scarce resources in the health care sector. This study is one of the first efforts to provide evidence by assessing the effects and costs of a population-based pri
Objectives: The present study evaluates the effect of food intake on 90 biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and inflammation with the Proseek Multiplex CVD II kit. Methods: Twenty-two healthy subjects (11 male and 11 females aged 25.9 ± 4.2 years) were investigated. A total of 90 biomarkers were measured before a standardized meal, 30 and 120 minutes thereafter with the Proseek Multiplex C
Background: The rising prevalence of dementia represents an important public health issue. There is currently no available cure for dementia disorders, only symptom-relieving therapies which can be either pharmacological or non-pharmacological. The number of non-pharmacological interventions for patients with dementia disorders and their caregivers have been increasing in recent years without much
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the reciprocal associations between sleep macrostructure and levels of cellular inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and controls.METHODS: RA patients (n = 24) and matched controls (n = 48) underwent all-night polysomnography, along with assessment of spontaneous- and Toll-like receptor-4-stimulated monocytic production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF)
Objective. Endothelial function, including the nitric oxide (NO)-pathway, has previously been extensively investigated in heart failure (HF). In contrast, studies are lacking on the NO pathway after heart transplantation (HT). We therefore investigated substances in the NO pathway prior to and after HT in relation to hemodynamic parameters. Design. 12 patients (median age 50.0 yrs, 2 females), hea
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder usually affecting females. It is associated with multiple disabilities including intellectual disability leading to a high level of dependency in all aspects of daily living including participation in physical activities. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate physical activity behaviors by developing measures of walking, describ
Background: Previous studies showed that lifestyle behaviors (cigarette smoking, alcohol, coffee) are inversely associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). The prodromal phase of PD raises the possibility that these associations may be explained by reverse causation. Objective: To examine associations of lifestyle behaviors with PD using two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) and the potential for
Objective While the incidence of children suffering from autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is increasing in Sweden and worldwide, the underlying etiology and cellular mechanisms behind this remain unknown. The predisposition of the high-risk HLA DR-DQ genotype and as yet unknown environmental triggers lead to autoimmunity and the onset of T1D, which is preceded by islet beta-cell autoantibodies a
Background: Radium-223, an alpha-emitting therapeutic radiopharmaceutical, prolongs overall survival (OS) in patients with symptomatic bone-predominant metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). PSMA PET/CT is a molecular imaging tool for whole-body imaging of prostate cancer and may inform on the mechanisms of radium-223 activity and treatment resistance in mCRPC patients. Methods:
Background: Exposure to many contacts is the main risk factor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, while risk of serious disease and death is chiefly determined by old age and comorbidities. Relative and population-attributable fractions (PAFs) of multiple medical and social exposures for COVID-19 outcomes have not been evaluated among older adults. Objective
