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By applying a novel approach to evaluate photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence (PFLIF) imaging, experimental quantitative information on the temporal in-cylinder distribution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine was extracted. The results from PFLIF were then compared to those obtained from chemical kinetics simulations using computational
The Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS) is an ongoing longitudinal twin study targeting all twins born in Sweden since July 1, 1992. Since 2004, parents of twins are interviewed regarding the children's somatic and mental health and social environment in connection with their 9th or 12th birthdays (CATSS-9/12). By January 2010, 8,610 parental interviews concerning 17,220 twins had be
As with mosquitoes, female tabanid flies search for mammalian hosts by visual and olfactory cues, because they require a blood meal before being able to produce and lay eggs. Polarotactic tabanid flies find striped or spotted patterns with intensity and/or polarisation modulation visually less attractive than homogeneous white, brown or black targets. Thus, this reduced optical attractiveness to t
Background: There is a need for a rapid and cost-effective evaluation of the effects of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination strategies. Sexually active adolescents are a preferred target group for monitoring, as effects on HPV prevalence would be measurable shortly after implementation of vaccination programs. Methods: The Swedish Chlamydia trachomatis testing program offers free Chla
This paper presents the development of an experimentally validated model that mechanistically comprehends the complex interaction between the gas-phase fluid dynamics, the mass transport of individual species, and the heterogeneous gas-surface reaction mechanism in a continuous cross-flow atomic layer deposition (ALD) reactor. The developed ALD gas-surface reaction mechanism, purely based on conse
Popular Abstract in Swedish SAMMANFATTNING PÅ SVENSKA Systemisk Lupus Erytematosus (SLE) är en kronisk inflammatorisk system sjukdom. Sjukdomen yttrar sig med stor variation, både avseende vilka organ områden och med vilken intensitet olika organ kan bli engagerade. Genom åren har prognosen för sjukdomen i sig dramatiskt förbättrats, genom att alla typer av organ manifestationer kan behandlas. SeSystemic Lupus Erythematosus is an autoimmune disease with a wide range of disease manifestations with respect to severity and magnitude of organ involvement. An increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with the general population causes both morbidity and mortality in SLE patients. Consequently prevention, early detection and treatment of arteriosclerotic manifestations are of high
Background and purpose MRI is the modality of choice when diagnosing spinal stenosis but it also shows that stenosis is prevalent in asymptomatic subjects over 60. The relationship between preoperative health-related quality of life, functional status, leg and back pain, and the objectively measured dural sac area in single and multilevel stenosis is unknown. We assessed this relationship in a pro
Objective. Patients with hepatitis C have been shown to have impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of this study was to determine HRQoL in patients in different stages of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and to compare HRQoL in HCV cirrhosis with non-HCV-induced cirrhosis. Material and methods. Out of 489 consecutive patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 472 (96%) agreed to part
Abstract Levels of natural radioactivity such as 222Rn (radon) and its long-lived daughters 210Pb and 210Po were measured. The radon gas was trapped on cooled charcoal filters and the long-lived daughter products sampled on fibre filters on a daily basis. In addition, short-lived progenies were followed continuously on the filters in order to achieve a time resolution of about one hour. The ave
Introduction Ihe association of physical inactivity with mortality, cardiovascular disease and cancer is extensively studied in adults. Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors and objectively measured physical activity in children and youth has not been convincingly established. The sustainability of objectively measured physical activity into adulihood is not satisfactorily studied. Acceleromet
The MAX IV storage rings, currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, will use third harmonic cavities operated passively to lengthen the bunches and alleviate collective instabilities. These cavities are an essential ingredient in the MAX IV design concept and are required for achieving the final design goals in terms of stored current, beam emittance, and beam lifetime-such performance challen
Melanoma genomes contain thousands of alterations including: mutations, copy number alterations, structural aberrations, and methylation changes. The bulk of this variation is stochastic and functionally neutral, with only a small minority representing "drivers" that contribute to the genesis and maintenance of tumors. Drivers are often directly or inversely correlated across tumors, reflecting th
Context: Despite the substantive societal impact of prostate cancer, the medical community is currently divided on the balance between benefit and harm of screening for prostate cancer using prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Objective: To examine whether PSA-based screening for prostate cancer meets current guidelines on efficacy and effectiveness for screening, and how it compares with other curre
In recent years, smog has become one of greatest challenges in China and many other countries. However, there are limited attentions of measuring public environment awareness of air pollution and the relations between public environmental awareness and smog prevention in a Chinese context. This study was designed to investigate the facts of public environmental awareness in a typical city of China
Receding glaciers are among the most obvious changes caused by global warming, and glacial meltwater entering lakes generally forms plumes of particles. By taking vertical samples along a horizontal gradient from such a particle source, we found that photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) attenuated 20-25% faster close to the inflow of suspended particles compare
Effects of peptide hydrophobicity on lipid membrane binding, incorporation, and defect formation was investigated for variants of the complement-derived antimicrobial peptide CNY21 (CNYITELRRQHARASHLGLAR), in anionic 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (POPE)/1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylglycerol (POPG) and zwitterionic 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) membranes. Using a
An experimental study of methane + air flames doped with ammonia (4370 ppm of the fuel) has been performed. The goal of this work was to analyze formation of NOx from fuel-N under well-controlled conditions. The Heat Flux method was used for stabilization of non-stretched adiabatic flames on a perforated plate burner at atmospheric pressure. Laser-saturated fluorescence (LSF) and probe sampling we
This paper presents a method designed to identify underlying causes leading to industrial accidents. The method developed intends to facilitate the learning process from accidents by identifying possible causes related to the accidents that were not directly stated in an accident report, but that can be deduced following the description of the event, in particular with regard to the quality of the
Umbilical cord blood acid-base status at birth gives an objective evaluation of the fetal exposure and response to hypoxia during labor. The objective of this thesis was to elucidate methodological issues associated with interpretation of cord blood gases. DELAYED CORD BLOOD SAMPLING (Paper I): arterial and venous pH and bicarbonate decreased, and pCO2, base deficit (BD), and lactate increased sig
Minimally modified low density lipoprotein (mmLDL) is a well-known risk factor for coronary artery disease. Upregulation of vascular endothelin type B (ETB) receptors on the vascular smooth muscle cells is predicted to be the molecular mechanism that leads to cardiovascular pathogenesis. The objective of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that mmLDL upregulates ETB receptors in rat co
