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Mass Spectrometry- based proteomics has matured to an analytical tool applicable in many areas of life science. Although, limitations remains where much focus has been towards the development of search engines to more accurately identify peptides in fragmentation spectra. This report aims to investigate four search engines; MSGF+, Andromeda, MSFragger and pFind in order to assess the advantages an
Ersättning enligt entreprenadavtal utgår i huvudsak som fast ersättning eller enligt löpande räkning. Enligt svensk rätt är entreprenadavtal inte lagreglerade utan istället tillämpas standardavtal. Standardavtalet AB 04 reglerar ersättning enligt löpande räkning genom självkostnadsprincipen som anges i AB 04 kap. 6 § 9-10. Enligt självkostnadsprincipen utgår ersättning enligt en av AB 04 kap. 6 §Construction Contracts are not regulated by Swedish law. Instead, the construction industry uses standard agreements. Construction Contracts usually state that compensation shall be paid as a fixed award or performed on an open account basis. The Swedish standard agreement AB 04 regulates compensation performed on an open account basis in AB 04 chapter 6 paragraphs 9-10. AB 04 chapter 6 paragraph
Tarmflora och typ 2-diabetes – kan vi hitta sambanden? Typ 2-diabetes är ett ökande globalt hälsoproblem. 2017 levde uppskattningsvis 450 miljoner vuxna världen över med diabetes, och en konservativ prognos indikerar att detta antal kan öka till 700 miljoner år 2045. Den stora majoriteten (mer än 80%) av dessa diabetesfall är typ 2-diabetes. Det är väl känt att otillräcklig fysisk aktivitet, ohälThis study explores the correlation between type 2 diabetes status and gut microbiota composition, diversity and functional capacity in a Swedish cohort. Using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing metagenomic data sampled from 2161 individuals, out of which 107 also had their metagenomic data sequenced using whole genome shotgun sequencing, modern bioinformatics tools were used to extract information on t
In the fall of 2007 a collective of artists in southern Sweden made waves for themselves by attempting to construct a rather unique ‘club-format’ unlike any other in the [then] current Swedish underground club scene. Guided mainly by a self-proclaimed ‘notion of confusion’ as its foundational principle, the collective behind Klubb Kristallen branded itself as an aspiring anti-club by seeking to ch
A major problem in the development of intelligent hearing aids is often referred to as the cocktail party problem. It describes the remarkable ability of the human brain of filter out unwanted sounds in a noisy environment, while focusing on a single talker or conversation. Without the ability to select and enhance a specific sound source of choice while suppressing the background, the hearing aid
The purpose of this paper is to critically examine documents setting down standards for EU asylum policies, in order to see if the power structures and actions called for therein can give a hint as to why declared human rights goals are not fully accomplished by the EU and its member states when implementing the policies. Methodologically this research is done by carrying out a Critical Discourse
Sammanfattning I Sverige råder ett strikt krav på konsensus när det gäller beslutanderätten vid gemensam vårdnad av barn. Detta innebär att vårdnadshavarna tvingas komma överens om princip alla frågor med undantag för den dagliga omsorgen vad gäller barnet. När vårdnadshavarna inte längre bor tillsammans efter exempel- vis en äktenskapsskillnad, finns samma samstämmighet dem emellan kanske inte lSummary In Swedish law, joint legal custody generally entails a strict requirement of con- sensus in decisions concerning the child. The basic precondition is that both parents must agree on almost all matters. An exeption from this condition can however be made in matters concerning the daily care. The housing parent has in these matters autonomy to decide. After for example a divorce, it can of
Utvärdering av ett målprotein för behandling av ledgångsreumatism Reumatisk artrit (RA), eller ledgångsreumatism som det också kallas, är en autoimmun sjukdom som 1% av världens befolkning lider av. Kroppens egna immunceller blir autoreaktiva och attackerar lederna i främst händer och fötter. Den ökade mängden immunceller i de här lederna resulterar i svullnad och inflammation, men även ben och bRheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease resulting in swelling and destruction of bone and cartilage within the small joints. The mechanism behind the disease is not fully understood, but the interaction of autoreactive T-cells with effector cells like B-cells and macrophages through cytokine signaling is believed to be important. A potential target for drug development against arthritis that
The HCCI engine has shown great qualities such as high efficiency combined with low emissions. However, many issues have not totally been solved yet. One way to control the combustion timing, one of the commented issues, is dual fuel utilizing the difference in ignition temperature between different fuels. So, from this point on it is not difficult to think about developing a big mapping of one H
Det finns två krav som ska tas i beaktande när olika metoder mot skatteflykt utformas, rättssäkerhet och effektivitet. Sambandet mellan legalitetsprincipen och rättssäkerheten är starkt. Legalitetsprincipen sägs ha uppkommit för att rättstillämpningen ska vara förutsebar och fri från godtycke. Dessa två värden är en stor del av rättssäkerhetsbegreppet och det sägs därför att legalitetsprincipen ärThere are two requirements that must be considered when different methods against Tax Evasion are being designed, the rule of law and efficiency. The relationship between the principle of legality and the rule of law is strong. The principle of legality is said to have incurred in order to make the legal purpose predictable and free from arbitrariness. These two components are a big part of the ru
The purpose of this study was to identify if and how the personal perspectives and views of social workers active within local social services departments in Sweden might affect how they carry out the transfer of children’s custody from biological to foster parents. The general discourse in child welfare in Sweden gives predominance to a family preservation perspective in which foster care placeme
After the General Court’s (GC) decision in case T-472/13 H. Lundbeck A/S and Lundbeck Ltd v Commission it seems the concept of potential competition in the context of so-called ‘pay-for-delay’ agreements, or reverse patent settlements, might have been altered; that the bar in order for an undertaking to qualify as a potential competitor might have been lowered. This thesis aims to examine whether
In order for semiconductor materials to be suitable for implementation in new and progressive devices they have to be of better electronic characteristics than currently used materials, and maintain these once treated and put into action. It is important to verify that bulk characteristics are not hindered at the surface when a given semiconductor is put in contact with another material due to nec
I Sverige finns en rättstradition att läkare utan att riskera åtal, på grund av olika ansvarsfrihetsprinciper, kan utföra ingrepp på en patient som i straffrättslig mening annars hade klassats som brott. Den ansvarsfrihetsprincip som är av störst vikt för läkare är den om social adekvans. Till skillnad från övriga ansvarsfrihetsprinciper är denna princip inte lagstadgad och är i stället formuleradThere is a legal tradition in Sweden that doctors without risking prosecution, due to different discharge principles, can perform procedures on a patient that otherwise would be classified as crimes. The most important discharge principle for doctors is the principle of social adequacy. Unlike other discharge principles, this principle is not statutory and is formulated as a principle of law. It i
Både i varumärkesrätten och marknadsföringsrätten förekommer situationer när en part i en tvist behöver bevisa att dess märke eller produkt uppfattas på ett visst vis på marknaden. Omständighetens uppfattning om ett föremål (en vara/tjänst eller ett märke) är bland annat av relevans för de markandsföringsrättsliga bestämmelserna för vilseledande efterbildning och renommésnyltning, men även för de Both in trademark law and marketing law there are situations when a party in a case needs to present evidence that supports that its trademark or product is perceived in a certain way by the relevant public. The relevant public’s perception of the object in question is relevant in marketing law including the provisions for passing off and misleading imitations and in trade mark law including the p
Popular Abstract in Swedish Tarmsjukdomen celiaki, glutenintolerans, är en av våra vanligaste kroniska sjukdomar som utvecklas då man inte tål ämnet gluten, ett protein som framför allt finns i vete, råg och korn. För att utveckla celiaki krävs en genetisk sårbarhet, vilket innebär att man i arvsmassan bär på en benägenhet som gör att man kan utveckla sjukdomen vid intag av mat innehållande glutenAbstract Sweden experienced an epidemic (1984-96) of celiac disease in children, partly attributed to changes in infant feed- ing. Our aim was to compare the total prevalence of celiac disease in two birth cohorts of 12-year-olds and relate the findings to each cohort’s ascertained infant feeding. Furthermore, we compared the growth parameters in the children with screening-detected celiac disease
With the advent of multimodality therapy, the overall five-year survival rate from childhood cancer has improved considerably now exceeding 80% in developed European countries. This growing cohort of survivors, with many years of life ahead of them, has raised the necessity for knowledge concerning the risks of adverse long-term sequelae of the life-saving treatments in order to provide optimal sc
Background: There is an opportunity to improve the image quality and lesion detectability in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) by choosing an appropriate reconstruction method and optimal parameters for the reconstruction. Purpose: To optimize the use of the Flash 3D reconstruction algorithm in terms of equivalent iteration (EI) number (number of subsets times the number of itera
Context. Stars presently identified in the bulge spheroid are probably very old, and their abundances can be interpreted as due to the fast chemical enrichment of the early Galactic bulge. The abundances of the iron-peak elements are important tracers of nucleosynthesis processes, in particular oxygen burning, silicon burning, the weak s-process, and α-rich freeze-out. Aims. The aim of this work i
Alla ryggradsdjur har ett immunförsvar vars funktion är att skydda oss mot mikroorganismer som kan orsaka sjukdom, såsom bakterier och virus. Dessa sjukdomsframkallande ämnen kallas patogener. Immunförsvaret behöver kunna skilja mellan proteiner som kommer från den egna kroppen och från patogener. Molekylerna som kodas av gener i major histocompatibility complex (MHC) har en viktig del i denna igeThe function of the vertebrate immune system is to enable recognition and elimination of microorganisms that can cause harm (pathogens). A key component in adaptive immunity is the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) that codes for molecules with antigen presentation function. There are two main types of MHC molecules, class-I (MHC-I) and class-II (MHC-II) and the focus of my thesis has been MH
