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In this paper, we cast the idea of antithetic sampling, widely used in standard Monte Carlo simulation, into the framework of sequential Monte Carlo methods. We propose a version of the standard auxiliary particle filter where the particles are mutated blockwise in such a way that all particles within each block are, first, offspring of a common ancestor and, second, negatively correlated conditio
This thesis investigates the extent to which literature search and summarisation in clinical pharmacology can be partially automated by utilising a locally deployed Large Language Model (LLM) coupled with a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) component, designed as a free-text clinical decision support tool for medi- cal experts. The thesis aims to develop a prototype system consisting of a local
In this thesis we are evaluating Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) v5.1 in combination with Direction Of Arrival (DOA) algorithms and receiving antenna arrays for indoor positioning systems. The thesis is divided in two parts. The first part is the core of the thesis and is composed by the evaluation of DOA algorithms in a direction finding system. A campaign of measurements is carried out in an active i
In this paper we discuss new adaptive proposal strategies for sequential Monte Carlo algorithms—also known as particle filters—relying on criteria evaluating the quality of the proposed particles. The choice of the proposal distribution is a major concern and can dramatically influence the quality of the estimates. Thus, we show how the long-used coefficient of variation (suggested by Kong et al.
Virus capsids shows promise within a wide variety of applications. However, the current lack of understanding about their self-assembly limits their usefulness. A study of the amino acids relevant for their assembly would be of great use by giving insight to the mechanic behind it. Since the number of proteins involved in each capsid is so big, there is a need for a reporter system enabling easy a
This thesis investigates the use of several acceleration schemes to improve the performance of the primal-dual hybrid gradient algorithm for linear programming (PDLP), a state-of-the-art first-order method for linear programming (LP). The three main acceleration schemes investigated are: Polyak heavy ball momentum, Nesterov acceleration, and steering vectors selected in a residual momentum directi
Innovation concentrations are increasingly extending beyond metropolitan cores into urban peripheries through science parks, research infrastructures, advanced manufacturing sites, and innovation districts. Yet their physical presence does not necessarily generate long-term local development capacity. Existing research has explained innovation stability largely through agglomeration, proximity, in
Brädspel blir alltmer populära, vilket gör det ännu viktigare att deras regelböcker går att läsa och förstå. Denna uppsats syftar till att analysera språkbruket i strategiska brädspel i förhållande till klarspråk och forskning om instruerande text, men också att undersöka spelarnas uppfattning om spelens regelböcker. Metoden för undersökningen består av en textanalys av spelen Terraforming Mars, R
This thesis explores how large manufacturing companies in the Benelux region make sense of climate resilience and what they perceive as its key elements. Although ‘corporate climate resilience’ has gained increasing attention in academic and practitioner-oriented literature, the concept is characterised by ambiguity and fragmentation, resulting in inconsistent corporate interpretations and practic
Despite advances in understanding the mechanisms, risk factors and treatment strategies for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), no approved therapies exist to prevent or delay onset in at-risk individuals or those with elevated biomarkers who do not yet show symptoms. Multiple candidate interventions are now being evaluated in clinical trials in these settings, raising key questions around which populations
People appear to vary in their susceptibility to lifestyle risk factors for cardiometabolic disease; determining a priori who is most sensitive may help optimize the timing, design, and delivery of preventative interventions. We aimed to ascertain a person's degree of resilience or sensitivity to adverse lifestyle exposures and determine whether these classifications help predict cardiometabolic d
This paper studies how degraded material properties in near proximity to the cut edge influence the torque performance of an axial-flux induction machine. The magnetically degraded areas are characterized using a layering approach, where the magnetic hysteresis curve describing the material is remodeled so that the field strength required to reach a specific value of magnetic flux density is incre
Introduction: Due to its universal applicability for early detection and prediction of cancer stage and disease recurrence, widespread implementation of serum-based prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurements has a significant influence on current treatment strategies for men with prostate cancer (PCa). However, over-detection and the resultant over-treatment of indolent cancers have been strongl
Existing state-of-the-art estimation systems can detect 2d poses of multiple people in images quite reliably. In contrast, 3d pose estimation from a single image is ill-posed due to occlusion and depth ambiguities. Assuming access to multiple cameras, or given an active system able to position itself to observe the scene from multiple viewpoints, reconstructing 3d pose from 2d measurements becomes
Many animal behaviors require orientation and steering with respect to the environment. For insects, a key brain area involved in spatial orientation and navigation is the central complex. Activity in this neural circuit has been shown to track the insect’s current heading relative to its environment and has also been proposed to be the substrate of path inte-gration. However, it remains unclear h
While the Transformer architecture has become ubiquitous in the machine learning field, its adaptation to 3D shape recognition is non-trivial. Due to its quadratic computational complexity, the self-attention operator quickly becomes inefficient as the set of input points grows larger. Furthermore, we find that the attention mechanism struggles to find useful connections between individual points
In this study, sorption distribution coefficients were determined for 71 pharmaceuticals, aiming to describe their sorption behavior to powder activated carbon (PAC). The data are expected to be applied when designing and upgrading wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) for improved removal of pharmaceuticals by applying sorption to PAC as an additional removal technique. Sorption isotherms were deter
In this paper, we present a new account of teleological reasons, i.e. reasons to perform a particular action because of the outcomes it promotes. Our account gives the desired verdict in a number of difficult cases, including cases of overdetermination and non-threshold cases like Parfit’s famous Drops of water. The key to our account is to look more closely at the metaphysics of causation. Accord
