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Som en följd av EU-beslutet om ett nettonollutsläppsmål till 2050 har flera industrier utvecklat färdplaner för hur dessa utsläppsminskningar ska uppnås. Det här examensarbetet undersöker kemiindustrins färdplaner i syfte att bedöma hur de ser på sin roll i att nå EU:s utsläppsmål. Teknikerna och strategierna som används i färdplanerna för att nå utsläppsminskningar varierar stort. Ofta antas att Following the decision set by the EU of a net-zero greenhouse gas emission target for 2050, several industries have made roadmaps for how these reductions will be achieved. This thesis investigates the chemical industry roadmaps in order to assess how they envision their role in reaching the EU target. The technologies and strategies used in the roadmaps to reach the reduction targets vary widely,

We provide evidence that the human papillomavirus (HPV) E2 protein regulates HPV late gene expression. High levels of E2 caused a read-through at the early polyadenylation signal pAE into the late region of the HPV genome, thereby inducing expression of L1 and L2 mRNAs. This is a conserved property of E2 of both mucosal and cutaneous HPV types. Induction could be reversed by high levels of HPV-16

As climate change alters the geophysical conditions of the Arctic, foreign policymakers are increasingly looking towards the region as a new theatre of potential conflict or cooperation. This scoping review provides a comprehensive overview of the literature, integrating both academic and government resources, to determine how the discourse conceptualizes the climate-conflict nexus in the Arctic.

Den juridiska termen allvarlig psykisk störning förekommer på flera områden inom den svenska lagstiftningen, i synnerhet inom straffrätten. Bedömningen av sinnessjukdom och det som idag benämns som allvarlig psykisk störning kan därjämte spåras långt tillbaka i rättshistorien. Examensarbetet berör de internationella rättshistoriska influenserna från biblisk tid fram till mitten av 1900-talet. I The legal term severe mental disorder appears in several areas of Swedish legislation, particularly within criminal law. Moreover, the assessment of insanity and what is today referred to as severe mental disorder can be traced far back in legal history. The thesis examines the international legal-historical influences from biblical times until the middle of the 1900s. In the Swedish context, th

Background: The use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) can be beneficial in several ways. However, presentations of PROM data from individuals living with, through, or beyond cancer are scarce in the existing scientific literature, and challenges in presenting and interpreting PROM data may be an explanation. Our overall aim was to describe aspects of wellbeing in individuals living with

Popular Abstract in Swedish Ett av de mest subtila begrepp i fysik är ``{\bf växelverkan}". I en alldaglig mening betyder växelverkan att skilda entiteter (som elektroner, människor eller galaxer) påverkar\footnote {I fysiken motsvaras denna påverkan av en kraft.} varandra. När dessa entiteter växelverkar kan de skapa ``emergenta" system med nya, kollektiva egenskaper långt utöver de individuellThis dissertation investigates the possibilities and limitations of time-dependent many-body perturbation theory by studying small Hubbard clusters for which the exact solution is available. The first part of the thesis is comprised of a short introduction to the concepts and methodologies used. The second part consists of an review of the main findings of the thesis and a short summary of four

The paper analyses the permit process for Swedish wind power development in terms of two paradigms of spatial planning and environmental management, and makes a comparison with the Swedish 3G mobile phone infrastructure development. Swedish Parliament has set a goal of 10 TWh annually wind electricity for 2015, and the Swedish Energy Agency has proposed 30 TWh from wind power by 2020. The present

This special issue explores the extraordinary luminescence properties of metal halide perovskites. Metal halide perovskites have emerged at the forefront of next-generation, thin-film semiconductors for photovoltaic and light-emitting applications. These materials exhibit remarkable optoelectronic properties such as long charge carrier diffusion lengths and high radiative emission efficiencies, wh

Background: Problem gambling is a public health issue affecting both the gamblers, their families, their employers, and society as a whole. Recent law changes in Sweden oblige local and regional health authorities to invest more in prevention and treatment of problem gambling. The economic consequences of gambling, and thereby the potential economic consequences of policy changes in the area, are

We construct a coarse-grained, structure-based, low-resolution, 6-bead flexible model of bovine serum albumin (BSA, PDB: 4F5S), which is a popular example of a globular protein in biophysical research. The model is obtained via direct Boltzmann inversion using all-atom simulations of a single molecule, and its particular form is selected from a large pool of 6-bead coarse-grained models using two

Two electrotechnologies: pulsed electric fields (PEF) and moderate electric field (MEF) in combination with vacuum impregnation of glycerol as cryoprotectant were used to increase the freezing tolerance of rocket leaves. Rocket leaves were treated with PEF using a nominal field strength of 1200 V/cm or MEF at different combinations of voltage and frequency. Leaves were then immersed in a glycerol

A detailed understanding of the dynamics of photoinduced processes occurring in the electronic excited state is essential in informing the rational design of photoactive transition-metal complexes. Here, the rate of intersystem crossing in a Cr(III)-centered spin-flip emitter is directly determined through the use of ultrafast broadband fluorescence upconversion spectroscopy (FLUPS). In this contr

The hydrolysis of phosphate esters is crucially important to biological systems, being involved in, among other things, signaling, energy transduction, biosynthesis, and the regulation of protein function. Despite this, there are many questions that remain unanswered in this important field, particularly with regard to the preferred mechanism of hydrolysis of phosphate esters, which can proceed th

Introduction: Adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is a disabling condition that may require complex surgical treatment. Little is known about the incidence of AAFD in the general population and specifically of AAFD requiring specialist care. We aimed to describe the incidence of AAFD referred to specialist care in the Swedish general population. Methods: We conducted a nation-wide epidemiolog

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are frequently comorbid and are individually associated with increased risk of suicidal behavior. However, whether their comorbidity exacerbates this risk has not been adequately investigated. Methods: Using a Swedish birth cohort (born 1970–1990; N = 799,203–858,983), we employed Aalen’s linear hazards models to evalu

Questions in causality, control, and reinforcement learning go beyond the classical machine learning task of prediction under i.i.d. observations. Instead, these fields consider the problem of learning how to actively perturb a system to achieve a certain effect on a response variable. Arguably, they have complementary views on the problem: In control, one usually aims to first identify the system

Background: Motion sickness (MS) is a common complaint during most modes of travel. Several medications can be used to treat MS but are often accompanied by side-effects. Objective: To assess whether performing the Valsalva manoeuvre can influence the subjective feeling of MS in healthy individuals. Methods: We included 16 healthy participants (4 female) that underwent two sessions of MS induction

Redan så tidigt som 1957 diskuterades frågan om fri rörlighet och hur man inom dåvarande EG kunde underlätta rörligheten för de fyra friheterna: personer, varor, kapital och tjänster. Till dags dato har EU rönt framgångar för tre av dessa fyra friheter, för tjänster är det dock fortsatt besvärligt. En process att undanröja de hinder som stod i vägen för tjänsters fria rörlighet inleddes av stats- As early as 1957 the issue of freedom of movement was discussed and how the EU could facilitate the movement of the four freedoms: people, good, capital and services. To date the EU has been successful for three of the four freedoms, however for services the situation remains difficult. A process to eliminate the obstacles that stood in the way of free movement of services was launched by heads of

Mäns våld mot kvinnor är ett utbrett problem i samhället som innefattar systematiserat psykiskt och fysiskt våld. Våldets normaliseringsprocess leder till svårigheter att lämna relationen och kan i slutändan innebära att kvinnan ser dödande av mannen som den enda utvägen. Det råder en diskussion huruvida denna handling kan omfattas av nödvärn som ansvarsfrihetsgrund. Svårigheter råder i att avgöraMen's violence against women is a widespread problem in society that involves systematic psychological and physical violence. The normalization process of violence leads to difficulties in leaving the relationship and may ultimately entail that the woman perceives the killing of the man as the only way out. There is a discussion as to whether this act can be covered by self- defense as a basis