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One of the biggest expenses for airline companies is the fuel for the aircrafts; preceded only by labor costs it is important for an airline to optimize its use of fuel. One option to save money on fuel is by doing something called Fuel Tankering. Essentially, fuel tankering is a way to lower the fuel cost by refueling at departures where the fuel price is lower than at the destination of the airc
The aim of this thesis is to provide useful framework for the design of the upcoming electric race car of Lund Formula Student Team. The thesis intends to find the different powertrain concepts on the state of the art. From the configurations, the thesis should provide outcomes of the performance, efficiency, complexity design and cost. Furthermore, the best concept should be find and a simple pre
Vid utformandet av en konstitution ställs alltid frågan om vilket förhållande som bör råda mellan politik och juridik. Det är upp till varje rättssystem att reglera vilket inflytande domstolen ska ha på utformningen av lagstiftningen. När det kommer till lagstiftning kan förhållandet mellan judiciell aktivism från domstolens sida och demokrati beskrivas som en dikotomi där två vitt skilda metoder When drafting a Constitution, the relationship between politics and law must always be determined. It is up to each legal system to regulate what influence the court should have on the formulation of legislation. When it comes to legislation, the relationship between judicial activism and democracy, can be described as a dichotomy in which two widely different methods stand for different ideals. T
I Sverige är personer oskyldiga till dess att motsatsen är bevisad. För att dömas till ansvar för brott krävs dessutom att det är bevisat bortom rimligt tvivel att gärningspersonen agerat mot ett straffbud. Det är domstolen som har bördan att avgöra ifall motsatsen är bevisad eller inte. Domstolen ska utifrån den presenterade utredning och bevisning som föreligger för och emot de specifika åtalspuIn Sweden, individuals are presumed innocent until proven guilty. To be convicted of a crime, it is also required that it is proven beyond reasonable doubt that the perpetrator acted against a penal provision. The court is entrusted with the task of determining whether the contrary has been proven or not. Based on the investigation and evidence presented for and against the specific charges, the c
Cancer är idag det näst vanligaste dödsorsaken i världen, där 30% av alla cancerfall bland kvinnor är bröstcancer. En vanlig behandling är bröstbevarande operation, där en bit av bröstet kirurgiskt tas bort. Operationer är både dyrt och har en betydande inverkan på kroppen och för vissa kvinnor krävs en omoperation efter den första operationen. Syftet med detta arbete har varit att undersöka möjliCancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and 30% of all cancer cases among women are breast cancer. A popular treatment is breast-conserving surgery, where only a part of the breast is surgically removed. Surgery is expensive and has a significant impact on the body, and on some women, a reoperation is needed. The aim of this thesis was to see if there is a possibility to predict whet
In what way has the ethnic housing segregation changed from the 1970´s until today and has the politics concerning these matters dealt with the ethnic segregation as a phenomenon that occur due to free choices of ethnic groups or as a stigmatization and marginalization of ethnic groups? To be able to find out what actual changes there are to be seen in the political measures regarding the ethnic h
This study aims to investigate if micro- and nanoparticles of polystyrene affect microorganisms in soil. This was tested by using microfluidic chips, which are new for investigation of soil ecology questions, providing artificial channels reflecting soil conditions as well as being transparent for seeing real-time interactions. Eight microfluidic chips were made; four were filled with a micro- and
Som en följd av EU-beslutet om ett nettonollutsläppsmål till 2050 har flera industrier utvecklat färdplaner för hur dessa utsläppsminskningar ska uppnås. Det här examensarbetet undersöker kemiindustrins färdplaner i syfte att bedöma hur de ser på sin roll i att nå EU:s utsläppsmål. Teknikerna och strategierna som används i färdplanerna för att nå utsläppsminskningar varierar stort. Ofta antas att Following the decision set by the EU of a net-zero greenhouse gas emission target for 2050, several industries have made roadmaps for how these reductions will be achieved. This thesis investigates the chemical industry roadmaps in order to assess how they envision their role in reaching the EU target. The technologies and strategies used in the roadmaps to reach the reduction targets vary widely,
We provide evidence that the human papillomavirus (HPV) E2 protein regulates HPV late gene expression. High levels of E2 caused a read-through at the early polyadenylation signal pAE into the late region of the HPV genome, thereby inducing expression of L1 and L2 mRNAs. This is a conserved property of E2 of both mucosal and cutaneous HPV types. Induction could be reversed by high levels of HPV-16
This study examines how different age compositions within a football squad affect a club’s sporting performance and financial development over time. Five squad versions with systematically varied proportions of young and older players were simulated in the game Football Manager 2024™. Each version was followed over ten seasons, resulting in a total of 25 simulations (five repetitions per version).
As climate change alters the geophysical conditions of the Arctic, foreign policymakers are increasingly looking towards the region as a new theatre of potential conflict or cooperation. This scoping review provides a comprehensive overview of the literature, integrating both academic and government resources, to determine how the discourse conceptualizes the climate-conflict nexus in the Arctic.
Den juridiska termen allvarlig psykisk störning förekommer på flera områden inom den svenska lagstiftningen, i synnerhet inom straffrätten. Bedömningen av sinnessjukdom och det som idag benämns som allvarlig psykisk störning kan därjämte spåras långt tillbaka i rättshistorien. Examensarbetet berör de internationella rättshistoriska influenserna från biblisk tid fram till mitten av 1900-talet. I The legal term severe mental disorder appears in several areas of Swedish legislation, particularly within criminal law. Moreover, the assessment of insanity and what is today referred to as severe mental disorder can be traced far back in legal history. The thesis examines the international legal-historical influences from biblical times until the middle of the 1900s. In the Swedish context, th
Background: The use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) can be beneficial in several ways. However, presentations of PROM data from individuals living with, through, or beyond cancer are scarce in the existing scientific literature, and challenges in presenting and interpreting PROM data may be an explanation. Our overall aim was to describe aspects of wellbeing in individuals living with
Syftet med detta utkast är att analysera uppfattningar om brott i Bosnien under och efter kriget samt beskriva i vilken mån inblandande parter i en konflikt kan förlåta varandra eller försonas. Den empiriska delen bygger på observationer i Ljubija, en stad i nordvästra Bosnien, tidningsartiklar från området samt fjorton intervjuer. Under krigets normupplösning sker vissa brott som kan vara antig
Popular Abstract in Swedish Ett av de mest subtila begrepp i fysik är ``{\bf växelverkan}". I en alldaglig mening betyder växelverkan att skilda entiteter (som elektroner, människor eller galaxer) påverkar\footnote {I fysiken motsvaras denna påverkan av en kraft.} varandra. När dessa entiteter växelverkar kan de skapa ``emergenta" system med nya, kollektiva egenskaper långt utöver de individuellThis dissertation investigates the possibilities and limitations of time-dependent many-body perturbation theory by studying small Hubbard clusters for which the exact solution is available. The first part of the thesis is comprised of a short introduction to the concepts and methodologies used. The second part consists of an review of the main findings of the thesis and a short summary of four
The paper analyses the permit process for Swedish wind power development in terms of two paradigms of spatial planning and environmental management, and makes a comparison with the Swedish 3G mobile phone infrastructure development. Swedish Parliament has set a goal of 10 TWh annually wind electricity for 2015, and the Swedish Energy Agency has proposed 30 TWh from wind power by 2020. The present
This special issue explores the extraordinary luminescence properties of metal halide perovskites. Metal halide perovskites have emerged at the forefront of next-generation, thin-film semiconductors for photovoltaic and light-emitting applications. These materials exhibit remarkable optoelectronic properties such as long charge carrier diffusion lengths and high radiative emission efficiencies, wh
Background: Problem gambling is a public health issue affecting both the gamblers, their families, their employers, and society as a whole. Recent law changes in Sweden oblige local and regional health authorities to invest more in prevention and treatment of problem gambling. The economic consequences of gambling, and thereby the potential economic consequences of policy changes in the area, are
We construct a coarse-grained, structure-based, low-resolution, 6-bead flexible model of bovine serum albumin (BSA, PDB: 4F5S), which is a popular example of a globular protein in biophysical research. The model is obtained via direct Boltzmann inversion using all-atom simulations of a single molecule, and its particular form is selected from a large pool of 6-bead coarse-grained models using two
