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Background: The St Gallen surrogate molecular subtype definitions classify the oestrogen (ER) positive breast cancer into the luminal A and luminal B subtypes according to proliferation rate and/or expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) with differences in prognosis and chemo-responsiveness. Primary tumours and lymph node metastases might represent different malignant clones
Lärares befogenhet att med stöd av 5 kap. 6 § SkolL ingripa fysiskt mot elever i ordningsstörande situationer har varit, och är en omdebatterad fråga. Inte minst i samband med HD:s avgörande Soffallet från 2020. Undersökningar visar att delar av lärarkåren upplever en oro och rädsla för att ingripa och sedermera bli anmälda, vilket delvis tycks bottna i bestämmelsens otydlighet. I media har lärareTeacher ́s authority to, with support of chapter 5 section 6 of the Education Act, physically intervene towards students in disruptive situations has been and still is a debated topic, not least in connection with the ruling of the Supreme Court in 2020, called Soffallet (the sofa case). Surveys show that parts of the teaching staff experience a concern about intervening since they are afraid of b
Development aid organizations are increasingly turning their focus on men and masculinities in the pursuit of women’s empowerment. Despite much effort to improve the lives of women, the hegemonic definition of empowerment in economic and individualistic terms have not been able to attack the unequal power structures between men and women, causing them to persist until this day. This essay explores
Cambodia is now facing alarming issues concerning occupational safety and health in the construction sector. According to the ILO, in 2009, every day four people in Cambodia were killed due to occupational accidents which this amounted to more than 1500 death of the construction workers. Based on the union leaders in Cambodia, those accidents and illnesses were seen and occurred at the constructio
Entrepreneurs often face high levels of stress (Boyd & Gumpert, 1983; Shepherd, Marchisio, Morrish, Deacon & Miles, 2010) and stress has been found to affect a team’s performance (Driskell, Salas & Johnston, 1999). At the same time, private equity investors are a common source to gain external funding, while being known for their value-added roles as well as potential risks (De Clercq,
Att härleda ett internationellt illegalt handlande till en viss stat och hålla denna ansvarig är ett komplext problem i folkrätten. Det oklara rättsläget kompliceras ytterligare när aspekter av cyberoperationer introduceras med den snabba globala teknologiska utvecklingen. Rättsläget som det ser ut just nu är baserat på doktrin och sekundärrätt, där vikt läggs vid den tekniska bevisningen för att Attributing internationally wrongful acts to a particular State and liability is a complex problem in international law. The already unclear legal situation is further complicated when aspects of cyber operations are introduced with the rapid global technological development. To hold a State liable for the actions of non-State actors in cyberspace, we can only use secondary law and doctrine. The l
In Sweden, the food and agricultural sector is highly concentrated, especially in the food refinement and retail sectors, with a few major actors holding significant market power. This concentration poses challenges for smaller agri-food companies in Skåne, Sweden. This thesis aims to in depth exploring the challenges smaller agri-food companies face today. The thesis employs a case study approach
The situation for the environment is in many ways dire. However, amidst all the negative environmental developments it is easy to neglect the successes that have actually happened. With the aim of better understanding what factors facilitated such a success this thesis analyses one such case, namely emissions of dioxins and chlorinated waste from the pulp and paper industry in Sweden. Dioxins were
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Degarelix is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist registered for the treatment of advanced hormone-dependent prostate cancer. Treatment causing androgen deprivation is associated with QT prolongation and this study investigated whether degarelix at supratherapeutic concentrations has an intrinsic effect per se on cardiac repolarisation and the QT interval.METHODS:
This study focuses on quantitative long-term effects of SupplementalInstruction (SI) in terms of graduation and dropout rates. One of the main aimsof SI is to introduce students to effective study strategies and techniques. If SIis introduced at an early stage for new students in higher education, it shouldtherefore be expected that this action will promote timely graduation. This hasalso been ind
Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) combined with post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) is associated with an increased risk for complications. Here, we analyse whether IBR combined with PMRT is ethically acceptable. We employ normative analysis following reflective equilibrium and the principles of Beauchamp and Childress: non-maleficence, beneficence, autonomy, and justice. From the perspective
Background: Traumatic brain injuries continue to be a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Most traumatic brain injuries are classified as mild, with a low but not negligible risk of intracranial hemorrhage. To help physicians decide which patients might benefit from a computerized tomography (CT) of the head to rule out intracranial hemorrhage, several clinical decision rules h
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of education (ED) plus home exercise (HE) and ED plus supervised exercise (SE) according to information provided by the Better Management of Patients With Osteoarthritis (BOA) Registry, a nationally implemented rehabilitation program for patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA). In addition, we investigated whether or not the effect of the treatments d
The need for modelling of materials behaviour under various mechanical conditions is driven by the evolution of computer capacity and the ability of scientists to address complex mechanical problems. Reliable models for materials behaviour, including accurate numerical values of parameters, are necessary for a continued beneficial development of the computational side of solid mechanics. High rate
The averted cumulative lifetime attributable risk (LAR), the residual dose and highest ground deposition of 137Cs complying with a reference dose level of 20 mSv yr-1 to an individual returning after one year to an area contaminated by unfiltered releases of fission products from a nuclear power plant (NPP) were evaluated by applying an existing exposure model designed to compute age- and gender-d
A search for heavy resonances decaying into a W or Z boson and a Higgs boson produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider at s=13 TeV is presented. The analysis utilizes the dominant W→qq¯′ or Z→qq¯ and H→bb¯ decays with substructure techniques applied to large-radius jets. A sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb-1 collected with the ATLAS detector is anal
METHODS: The retrograde spread of two budesonide enema formulations with different viscosities was investigated. The study design was open, randomized and two-period crossover. Three female and two male patients (age range: 35-45 years) with distal ulcerative colitis or proctitis participated. Both enema formulations contained a dose of 2 mg budesonide/100 mL. An unabsorbable radioactive marker (9METHODS: The retrograde spread of two budesonide enema formulations with different viscosities was investigated. The study design was open, randomized and two-period crossover. Three female and two male patients (age range: 35-45 years) with distal ulcerative colitis or proctitis participated. Both enema formulations contained a dose of 2 mg budesonide/100 mL. An unabsorbable radioactive marker (9
