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We examined temporal and geographical distribution of Haemoproteus sp. and Plasmodium sp. parasites in Swedish willow warblers, Phylloscopus trochilus. Parasite lineages were detected with molecular methods in 556 birds from 41 sites distributed at distances up to 1,500 km. Two mitochondrial lineages of Haemoproteus sp. were detected, WW1 in 56 birds and WW2 in 75 birds, that differed by 5.2% sequ
A study to determine and compare the sensitivities and specificities of the comparative cervical tuberculin (CCT) and gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) tests for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis was conducted on 30 zebu oxen. The results of the tests were compared with the presence of acid-fast bacilli found by bacteriological culturing and histopathological examinations. The sensitivity and specif
Six pure strains of obligate anaerobes capable of degrading the toxin beta-N-oxalyl-L-alpha, beta-diaminopropionic acid (beta-ODAP) contained in grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) have been isolated from cow rumen. The new isolates were identified as Megasphaera elsdenii (five different genotypes) and Clostridium bifermentans using 16S rDNA analysis. The beta-ODAP degrading efficiency of the isolates wa
Site I of antigenic domain 2 (AD-2) on human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B (gB) is poorly immunogenic in both man and mouse and knowledge about antibody repertoires reactive with this epitope is thus limited. Here we have characterized a phage display-derived repertoire of antibody fragments specific for this epitope in terms of antigen recognition, fine-specificity, and virus-neutralizing capaci
The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta [PPARdelta/beta (NR1C2)] has been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis by various molecular genetic observations. These observations have recently been supported by studies of activation of PPARdelta by pharmacological agents. Here we present the first report of the stimulation of breast and prostate cancer cell growth using
Bacillus subtilis strain 168 encodes two flavocytochromes P450, Cyp102A2 and Cyp102A3. The cyp102A3 gene is preceded by, and organized in an operon with, a gene for a transcriptional regulator, encoded by fatR. The paralogous gene, cyp102A2, is most likely transcribed as a mono-cistronic message. We show that fatR encodes a protein that binds to an operator sequence that is present upstream of its
Glycobiology is the world of sugars: how they are made, what they look like, and what they do. Despite the importance of glycan structures in life, knowledge has been hampered due to their inherent complexity. Lectins are nature's way to decipher the intricate code held by glycans, which makes them important players in both normal and pathological physiology. A key to the understanding of lectins
Many proteins rely on rare structural fluctuations for their function, whereby solvent and other small molecules gain transient access to internal cavities. In magnetic relaxation dispersion (MRD) experiments, water molecules buried in such cavities are used as intrinsic probes of the intermittent protein motions that govern their exchange with external solvent. While this has allowed a detailed c
The clinical trials with intrastriatal transplantation of human fetal mesencephalic tissue, rich in dopaminergic neurons, in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients show that cell replacement can work and in some cases induce major, long-lasting improvement. However, owing to poor tissue availability, this approach can only be applied in very few patients, and standardization is difficult, leading to wi
Light harvesting by photosynthetic organisms is nature’s way to use solar energy for biomass growth. The process starts with light absorption in so-called antenna pigments, and is followed by transfer of the excited-state energy to reaction center proteins, where the energy is converted to an electrochemical gradient across the photosynthetic membrane (1). This potential is used to drive all energ
Glycoproteins are ubiquitous in nature and fundamental to most biological processes, including the human immune system. The glycoprotein carbohydrate moieties, or glycans, are very diverse in their structure and composition, and have major effects on the chemical, physical and biological properties of these glycoproteins. The hydrolysis of glycoprotein glycans by bacterial glycosidases can have dr
In this paper I give a short presentation of a syntactic approach to argument structure, taking a particular implementation of the minimalist framework (Chomsky (1995, 2001 and later)) as my point of departure. The proposed account allows for only 16 different argument structures, thereby reducing the syntactic variation at this level of syntax considerably. The theory also offers an explanation w
Papers on Freemasonry and Fraternalism in Eighteenth century Russia.
Germanic verb second (V2) is often said to be difficult for L2ers irrespective of their L1. Recent work on Swedish/German (e.g. vulnerable C-domain (Platzack 2001), processability (Håkansson, Pienemann & Sayehli 2001)) claims that speakers of a V2-language learning another V2-language start with a non-V2 interlanguage grammar, i.e. they don’t transfer V2, but follow a universal developmental p
