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Environmental factors, including viral infections, may explain an increasing and fluctuating incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D). Ljungan virus (LV) isolated from bank voles have been implicated, but it is unclear whether LV contributes to islet autoimmunity, progression to clinical onset, or both, of T1D. The aim was to test whether LV antibodies (LVAb) were related to HLA-DQ and islet a
Today, innovation is a key word for many universities, as it constitutes an important part of most universities’ public and scientific outreach task. Many universities are striving to increase the number of innovations generated at the university. A common method is to provide various support for research projects e.g.; providing researchers with information about international patent rights (IPR)
Popular Abstract in Swedish Vårt immunsystem består av ett nätverk av olika sorters celler och molekyler, vars uppgift är att försvara oss mot patogener (sjukdomsalstrande organismer) som till exempel virus och bakterier, medan det samtidigt måste tolerera proteiner och ämnen som finns naturligt i vår kropp. Immunsystemet kan delas upp i två delar; det medfödda (eller ospecifika) och det adaptiva Mucosal tissues such as the intestine present an enormous surface area to the outside environment and are continually exposed to foreign antigens in food and microflora. Thus, the intestinal mucosa must must remain tolerant to these innocuous antigens while at same time be able to mount effective immune responses to pathogens. Intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, found throughout the
The perforated whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique was applied to functionally identified beta-cells in intact mouse pancreatic islets to study the extent of cell coupling between adjacent beta-cells. Using a combination of current- and voltage-clamp recordings, the total gap junctional conductance between beta-cells in an islet was estimated to be 1.22 nS. The analysis of the cu
TLR agonists are attractive candidate adjuvants for therapeutic cancer vaccines as they can induce a balanced humoral and T cell-mediated immune response. With a dense network of dendritic cells (DCs) and draining lymphatics, the skin provides an ideal portal for vaccine delivery. Beside direct DC activation, TLR agonists may also induce DC activation through triggering the release of inflammatory
Arbetet behandlar införandet av så kallade säkerhetszoner i Sverige och analyserar säkerhetszonerna ur ett rättssäkerhetsperspektiv. Säkerhetszoner möjliggör för polisen att genomföra kroppsvisitationer och fordonskontroller utan krav på konkret brottsmisstanke inom ett geografiskt avgränsat område. För-slaget om säkerhetszoner återfinns i det så kallade Tidöavtalet och har sedermera lett till lagThis thesis explores the legal implications of introducing so-called security zones in Sweden and analyzes them from a rule of law perspective. These zones allow police to conduct body searches and vehicle inspections without requiring specific criminal suspicion within designated geographic areas. Introduced as part of the Tidö Agreement (Tidöavtalet) and now legislated, security zones aim to com
In the ongoing library debate part of the focus has been on youth in libraries and how many libraries find them to be a challenging group to work with due to some occurring disturbances. In some cases the youth sections start to lean towards being youth recreation centers. Youth need somewhere to be that isn’t home or school and since there aren’t many open, free of cost public spaces, and many ci
Most B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP ALL) can be classified into known major genetic subtypes, while a substantial proportion of BCP ALL remains poorly characterized in relation to its underlying genomic abnormalities. We therefore initiated a large-scale international study to reanalyze and delineate the transcriptome landscape of 1,223 BCP ALL cases using RNA sequencing. Fourt
Around 100,000 refugees are resettled to dozens of countries from conflict zones every year. While there is growing evidence that the initial placement of refugee families profoundly affects their lifetime outcomes, there have been few attempts to optimize resettlement destinations within host countries. We describe how machine learning and integer optimization can be used to empower resettlement
The critical impact of air pollution on human health and environment in one hand and the complexity of pollutant concentration behavior in the other hand lead the scientists to look for advance techniques for monitoring and predicting the urban air quality. Additionally, recent developments in data measurement techniques have led to collection of various types of data about air quality. Such data
Study objectives: Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by loss of hypocretin-producing neurons. Increased NT1 incidence was observed in Sweden following mass-vaccination with Pandemrix®. Genetic association to HLA DQB1*06:02 implies an autoimmune origin, but target autoantigen remains unknown. Candidate autoantigens for NT1 have previously been identified in solid-phas
CD47, also known as integrin-associated protein (IAP), is a transmembrane protein with multiple biological functions including regulation of efferocytosis and leukocyte trafficking. In this study we investigated the effect of CD47-deficiency on atherosclerosis using a model of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-induced hypercholesterolemia. We observed increased plaque formation in CD47 null mice compar
Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC) mimetics (SMs) are selective antagonists of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), which activate noncanonical NF-B signaling and promote tumor cell death. Through gene expression analysis, we found that treatment of CD4+ T cells with SMs during T helper 17 (TH17) cell differentiation disrupted the balance between two antagonistic transc
The metal-poor stars in the bulge are important relics of the Milky Way's formation history, as simulations predict that they are some of the oldest stars in the Galaxy. In order to determine if they are truly ancient stars, we must understand their origins. Currently, it is unclear if the metal-poor stars in the bulge ([Fe/H] < -1 dex) are merely halo interlopers, a unique accreted population, pa
Fires in road tunnels constitute complex scenarios with interactions between the fire, tunnel users and safety measures. More and more methodologies for risk analysis quantify the consequences of these scenarios with complex models. Examples for complex models are the computational fluid dynamics model Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and the microscopic evacuation model FDS+Evac. However, the high c
Paediatric movement disorders (PMDs) comprise a large group of disorders (tics, myoclonus, tremor, dystonia, chorea, Parkinsonism, ataxia), often with mixed phenotypes. Determination of the underlying aetiology can be difficult given the broad differential diagnosis and the complexity of the genotype–phenotype relationships. This can make the diagnostic process time-consuming and difficult. In thi
The dispersion scan (d-scan) technique has emerged as a simple-to-implement characterization method for ultrashort laser pulses. D-scan traces are intuitive to interpret and retrieval algorithms that are both fast and robust have been developed to obtain the spectral phase and the temporal pulse profile. Here, we shortly review the second harmonic generation d-scan technique, focusing predominantl
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been associated with increased local inflammation in the affected brain regions, and in some studies also with elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is known to promote a more effector-oriented phenotype in the T-cell compartment, increasing with age. The aim of this study was to investigate the inflammatory response of
As the interest in weak-affinity antibodies has been widened by their introduction to various analytical techniques such as HPLC, capillary electrophoresis and biosensors, there has been a need for new screening/monitoring methods. In this study, weak-affinity chromatography was adopted to screen/monitor directly for monoclonal antibodies in ascites. Monoclonal antibodies against a carbohydrate an
Active vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)], plays a pivotal role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. Circulating levels of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) are thought to be dependent mainly on the activity of the renal cytochrome P450 enzyme 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3)-1alpha-hydroxylase (1alpha-hydroxylase), which is potently induced by PTH. However, 1alpha-hydroxylase activity or expressi
