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Climate change affects timing of reproduction in many bird species, but few studies have investigated its influence on annual reproductive output. Here, we assess changes in the annual production of young by female breeders in 201 populations of 104 bird species (N = 745,962 clutches) covering all continents between 1970 and 2019. Overall, average offspring production has declined in recent decade
Popular Abstract in Swedish Antalet äldre i befolkningen ökar i förhållande till andra åldersgrupper. Detta beskrivs medföra en ekonomisk utmaning för samhället och att fler äldre behöver skjuta upp sin ålderspension. Avhandlingen bygger på fyra studier med det övergripande syftet att bidra till ökad kunskap om faktorer som medverkar till ett förlängt alternativt förkortat arbetsliv bland personerIn most of the industrialised world, the proportion of older and retired people in the population is continuously increasing. This will have budgetary implications for maintaining the welfare state, because the active working section of the population must fund the non-active and old population. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to obtain knowledge about older workers’ work and life situatio
Popular Abstract in Swedish Under 1850-talet framträdde baptismen som den första verkliga frikyrkorörelsen i Sverige. Den tog helt och hållet avstånd från det ordinära kyrkolivet och kom därför i konflikt med samhällets religiösa regelverk. Kyrkliga och världsliga myndigheter betrktade baptismen som villfarande och samhällsupplösande. Deras agerande mot baptisterna i landets södra delar blir i denDuring the 1850's, Baptism appeared as the first real free church movement in Sweden. It distanced itself completely from normal church life and therefore came into conflict with society's religious rules. Ecclesiastical and temporal authorities regarded Baptism as erroneous and social disruptive. In the present treatise, their actions against the Baptists in the southern parts of the country beco
Development of type-II collagen (CII)-induced arthritis (CIA) is dependent on a T-cell mediated activation of autoreactive B cells. However, it is still unclear if B cells can present CII to T cells. To investigate the role of B cells as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for CII, we purified B cells from lymph nodes of immunized and nonimmunized mice. These B cells were used as APC for antigen-speci
Coeliac disease and type 1 diabetes are autoimmune diseases that may share the same initiating environmental factors. In this study, the occurrence of type 1 diabetes associated autoantibodies (GADA and IA-2A) and tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (TGA) was determined in patients with confirmed viral infections and no signs of type 1 diabetes or coeliac disease. Serum samples from 82 Cuban pa
Nontransient hypoxia is strongly associated with malignant lesions, resulting in aggressive behavior and resistance to treatment. We present an analysis of mRNA and protein expression changes in neuroblastoma cell lines occurring upon the transition from normoxia to hypoxia. The correlation between mRNA and protein level changes was poor, although some known hypoxia-driven genes and proteins corre
Signaling factors involved in CNS development have been used to control the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into mesencephalic dopamine (mesDA) neurons, but tend to generate a limited yield of desired cell type. Here we show that forced expression of Lmx1a, a transcription factor functioning as a determinant of mesDA neurons during embryogenesis, effectively can promote the generati
This is the first attempt to budget average current annual carbon (C) and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) exchanges and transfers in a subarctic landscape, the Lake Torneträsk catchment in northern Sweden. This is a heterogeneous area consisting of almost 4000 km2 of mixed heath, birch and pine forest, and mires, lakes and alpine ecosystems. The magnitudes of atmospheric exchange of carbon in the
Fluorescence microscopy is introduced as a low cost quality control process for nanoimprint lithography. To depict imprinted structures down to 1 mum lateral size and to detect residues down to 100 nm lateral size, the standard printable polymer mr-18000 is labelled with less than 0.1 wt.% fluorescent dye. Three different types of stamps are used to determine the dependence of the shape and size o
Background: CCR5-restricted (R5) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants cause CD4+ T-cell loss in the majority of individuals who progress to AIDS, but mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of R5 strains are poorly understood. To better understand envelope glycoprotein (Env) determinants contributing to pathogenicity of R5 viruses, we characterized 37 full-length R5 Envs from cross
Popular Abstract in Swedish Moraxella catarrhalis är en bakterie som tillhör vår normala bakterieflora. Den är dock också en luftvägspatogen som kan orsaka öroninflammation hos barn, nedre luftvägsinfektioner hos vuxna och äldre, och bihåleinflammation hos både barn och vuxna. Intresset kring M. catarrhalis som patogen har ökat de senaste 20 åren, både på grund av ökat antal insjuknande personer oMoraxella catarrhalis is a respiratory tract pathogen that causes significant health problems, including acute otitis media in children, lower respiratory tract infections in adults and the elderly and sinusitis in both children and adults. The interest in M. catarrhalis bacteria has increased over the past 20 years, both because of the emergence of the bacteria as a human pathogen and because of
We have recently generated 5'lambda5-huTAC mice, which express the human CD25 (huTAC) gene under the control of the 5'-flanking region of the mouse lambda5-gene. The huTAC-transgene was expressed in pre-B cells but neither in mature B cells nor in T cells of these mice. In this report we demonstrate that the transgene is also transiently expressed by adult CD25+ CD3-CD4-CD8- (triple negative, TN)
Popular Abstract in Swedish Kvinnor mot krig. Aktioner och nätverk för fred 1914-1940. Syftet med avhandlingen är att undersöka varför och på vilket sätt kvinnor skapade fredsaktioner under första världskriget och mellankrigstiden. Jag har studerat hur kvinnor mobiliserades, hur aktionerna genomfördes, vilket motstånd som väcktes och vad som hände efteråt. Utgångspunkten är kollektiva aktioner, soThe aim of this dissertation is to investigate how and why women established peace actions during World War I and the period between the wars. I have examined how women were mobilized, how the actions were carried out, what kind of opposition was awakened, and what happened afterwards. My startingpoint is collective actions based on individual standpoints and temporary mobilizations. Organizations
Development of novel disease-modifying treatment strategies for neurological disorders, which at present have no cure, represents a major challenge for today's neurology. Translation of findings from animal models to humans represents an unresolved gap in most of the preclinical studies. Gene therapy is an evolving innovative approach that may prove useful for clinical applications. In animal mode
Autonomic nervous function was evaluated by deep breathing [expiration/inspiration (E/I) ratio] and tilt table tests [acceleration (AI) and brake indices (BI)] in 19 patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) and in 56 age matched controls. The E/I-ratio and systolic blood pressure (at rest, 1, and 8 min after tilt) were found to be significantly reduced (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.0
Mucin-1 has proven to be a suitable target for antibody-based diagnosis and therapy of certain tumours, but no appropriate human antibody or antibody fragment displaying slow dissociation rate kinetics against this target is available. Since a rapid dissociation character prevents an antibody fragment from remaining at the site of the antigen, this fact may prevent the successful application of a
We fabricate a single billiard, a double billiard array, and a triple billiard array by etching a GaInAs/InP heterostructure, and perform a fractal analysis of the low-temperature magneto-conductance fluctuations measured in the billiards to facilitate an empirical study of how fractals combine in a physical system. We compare our results to simulated fractal traces, and find for both experiment a
Recent studies have identified mutations in the complement regulatory gene factor I (CFI) that predispose to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). CFI is a two-chain serine protease in which the light chain carries the catalytic domain while the heavy chain's function is unclear. It downregulates the alternative and classical complement pathways by cleaving the alpha' chains of C3b and C4b in
Background Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) are generally quantified using a 24h ECG recording, but the diagnostic accuracy is unknown. We aimed to determine the day-to-day variability and optimal monitoring duration for PVC measurements among patients with frequent PVCs. Methods We included all patients who underwent a clinical ambulatory ECG recording lasting 25-30 days, using the PocketEC
A search for an antigen-driven expansion of T lymphocytes in the inflamed joints in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have been going on for decades. We here analyzed the human germinal centre T-cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta gene usage with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with sequence analysis, to address the question of clonality in tonsils and synovial tissue from RA patients. Our data sh
