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Seawater desalination constitutes an important source for water supply to the population bordering the Arabian Gulf, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Red Sea. Desalination has advantages and disadvantages which may depend on the region, location, technology, impact and amount of fresh water production. Desalination may also have other impacts. For example, chemicals added in the pre-treatment stages

Deoxygenation affects many continental shelf seas across the world today and results in increasing areas of hypoxia (dissolved oxygen concentration ([O2]) <1.4 ml/L). The Baltic Sea is increasingly affected by deoxygenation. Deoxygenation correlates with other environmental variables such as changing water temperature and salinity and is directly linked to ongoing global climate change. To place t

Objectives: To describe the clinical and ultrasound characteristics of adnexal torsion. Methods: This was a retrospective study. From the operative records of the eight participating gynecological ultrasound centers, we identified patients with a surgically confirmed diagnosis of adnexal torsion, defined as surgical evidence of ovarian pedicle, paraovarian cyst and/or Fallopian tube twisted on its

Background: The mechanisms underlying the obesity-cancer relationship are incompletely understood. This study aimed to characterise metabolic signatures of greater body size and to investigate their association with two obesity-related malignancies, endometrial and colorectal cancers, and with weight loss within the context of an intervention study. Methods: Targeted mass spectrometry metabolomics

BACKGROUND: /st> Previous studies have indicated that autoantibodies may be detected years before the clinical onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Cartilage biomarkers, such as cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), have not been studied previously in samples collected before the diagnosis of RA. METHODS: /st> Between 1991 and 1996, 30 447 subjects were included in the Malmö Diet Cancer Study

BACKGROUND: Patients with diabetes have increased rates of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). We hypothesized that this is explained by diabetes-associated differences in coronary plaque morphology and lipid content. METHODS: In PROSPECT II (Providing Regional Observations to Study Predictors of Events in the Coronary Tree), 898 patients with acute myocardial infarction with or without ST-segme

A method for reaching longitudinal dispersion coefficient accounting sinuosity effects is suggested. The proposed method was verified using 43 sets of measured field data from previous study were collected from 30 streams and these data were chosen depends on characteristics availability (flow parameters, fluid properties and Sinuosity). Statistical programs namely MINITAB and SPSS were used to de

The number of meanings that can be found in the dictionary entries of the verb SEE in various languages ranges from 9 to 30:1. Language No of meanings Vision Mental process Lithuanian 20 + + English 28-30 + + Swedish 4-5 (15) + + Russian 9 + + On a closer look at the definitions of the meanings and the examples given we shall see that they fall into two basic types of meaning, namely (a) those th

The structural heterogeneity of tumor tissue can be probed by diffusion MRI (dMRI) in terms of the variance of apparent diffusivities within a voxel. However, the link between the diffusional variance and the tissue heterogeneity is not well-established. To investigate this link we test the hypothesis that diffusional variance, caused by microscopic anisotropy and isotropic heterogeneity, is assoc

Background: Obesity and its associated metabolic complications continue to increase worldwide. We investigated the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) during aging in relation to body mass index (BMI) and exercise habits. We assigned special emphasis to the metabolic stability in individuals with obesity, but without MetS, a condition often referred to as metabolically healthy obesity. Materi

Moth Wars: The Honeybee Strikes Back In an ecosystem far, far away, there is a plant, a moth and a bee. Deep in the mountains of Sierra Nevada, the plant and the moth are living happily together. But then, an invading foe arrives, the invasive honeybee, that with the help of dark, mystic powers (humans) conquers all land they touch. Our little duo of plant and moth would not be the first to peris

European railways have until recently been built according to each country’s national regulations and needs. This implies an obstacle for today’s wishes of railway transport across the borders within the European Union. The first steps towards an integrated European railway system came around the year of 1990 in purpose of raising the railway’s competitiveness by reducing obstacles to internationa

Den tekniska utvecklingen och globaliseringen har i grunden förändrat hur personuppgifter samlas in, sprids, används och överförs. Det som var aktuellt under början och mitten av 90-talet är idag förpassat till historien. Nya sätt att sprida stora mängder information genom sociala nätverk och så kallade molntjänster tillhör idag vardagen för många av Europas 250 miljoner internetanvändare . SamtidRapid technological developments and globalization have profoundly changed the way personal information is collected, spread, used and transferred. What was relevant during the early and mid 90's is now history. New ways to disseminate large amounts of information through social networks and so-called cloud services or cloud computing is today part of modern life for many of Europe's 250 m

Frågan om hur man bör se på straffansvar och påföljder för personer som begår brott under inflytande av en allvarlig psykisk störning är omdebatterade och därtill mycket komplicerad. Intresset av att personer som begår brott möts av en adekvat reaktion på brottet ställs här emot behovet av att tillräckligt beakta gärningsmannens psykiska tillstånd och behov av behandling. Principen att vissa persoThe question of how one should look at penalties and sanctions for persons committing crimes under the influence of a serious mental illness is controversial and very complicated. The interest in that people who commit crimes are met with an adequate response to crime is put up against the need to sufficiently take into account the offender's mental condition and need for treatment. The princi

A novel strategy for the purification of carbohydrate-based chemical libraries synthesized in solution was developed. Purification of reaction products was accomplished by means of solid-phase extraction enabled by protecting the 2-, 3-, 4-, and 6-hydroxyl groups of a galactose derivative as their hydrophobic O-laurates. The presence of multiple O-laurates allowed adsorption of reaction products o

Vad kostar det om ett exploateringsprojekt stöter på oförutsedda problem kopplade till naturvärden som man måste ta hänsyn till vid en markexploatering? Hur kan naturvärden egentligen påverka den ekonomiska kalkylen i ett projekt om de dyker upp som en överraskning under projektutvecklingen? Intressant är även att undersöka om det med träffsäkerhet går att identifiera, men också att prissätta och What is the cost if a development project encounters unforeseen difficulties related to values in nature that must be considered during a land development? How can natural values affect the balance sheet of a project if they appear as a surprise during project development? It is also interesting to investigate whether it is possible or not to identify and price risks related to nature in the proje

The fast development of generative artificial intelligence (“AI”) services—such as ChatGPT, Midjourney, Dall-E—have within a short period of time gained immense uptake and popularity. At the same time, such services have given rise to fundamental challenges from a copyright perspective. Court proceedings have been initiated in many jurisdictions on the compatibility of such services with copyright

Background: The increased prevalence of atopic diseases may be due to lifestyle changes affecting our exposure to microbes. We investigated the association between infections, fever, and atopic diseases in a large international birth cohort setting. Methods: 3842 children at genetic risk for type 1 diabetes were followed prospectively for the first 10 years for the occurrence of infections and ato

Background: SARS-CoV-2 remains globally circulating, yet post-pandemic comprehensive molecular, serological, and population-level immunity data from low-resource settings such as Ethiopia are limited. This study employed genomic surveillance with seroepidemiological assessment to characterize the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 among individuals presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe a