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Purpose: To prospectively compare nephrotoxicity and radiodensity of plasma hyperosmotic gadolinium chelates (attenuation-osmotic ratio of 1: 1) with those of plasma iso-osmotic iodine-based contrast media (attenuation-osmotic ratio of 3: 1 or 6: 1) after renal arteriography in ischemic porcine kidneys. Materials and Methods: The local animal care committee approved this study. The following contr
Ghrelin is produced by A-like cells (ghrelin cells) in the mucosa of the acid-producing part of the stomach. The mobilization of ghrelin is stimulated by nutritional deficiency and suppressed by nutritional abundance. In an attempt to identify neurotransmitters and regulatory peptides that may contribute to the physiological, nutrient-related regulation of ghrelin secretion, we challenged the ghre
Aim Africa is identified by the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as the least studied continent in terms of ecosystem dynamics and climate variability. The aim of this study was (1) to adapt the Lund-Postdam-Jena-GUESS (LPJ-GUESS) ecological modelling framework to Africa by providing new parameter values for tropical plant functional types (PFT), and (2) to assess the sensitivity
Popular Abstract in Swedish Jag har huvudsakligen studerat läderbaggen Osmoderma eremita, en ca tre cm lång skalbagge som lever inne ihåliga träd. Larverna av denna s k bladhorning lever av den döda veden på stammens insida i levande ihåliga lövträd (i Sverige främst ek) och av mulmen inne i trädet (den mjölliknande blandning av nedbruten ved, vedsvampar, löv, gamla fågelbon, fladdermöss, insekterThis thesis starts with a review of different biodiversity assessment methods in forests and the rest deals with the metapopulation ecology of Osmoderma eremita, a threatened beetle living in hollow trees. I concentrate on the effect of dispersal, habitat quality and habitat history for the presence, population size and future survival of this species. Dispersal was studied by using both capture-m
Popular Abstract in Swedish Under 1980-talet blev riskerna med blodtransfusioner alltmer uppenbara. Störst uppmärksamhet väckte ett antal fall med spridning av HIV- (AIDS) smitta, men ännu vanligare var spridning av ett virus som kunde orsaka leverinflammation. Dessa risker är numera nästan helt försvunna men dels kvarstår en oro för spridning av nya, okända virus, dels har det visat sig att blodtBlood loss in major arthroplasty may be abundant and often necessitates blood transfusions. These may transmit disease and entail an immunological burden to the recipient. After trauma and surgery, the fibrinolytic system reacts with a short period of increased activity, followed by a fibrinolytic shut-down. In this thesis we investigated the impact of the early fibrinolytic activation on blood
Popular Abstract in Swedish I denna avhandling studeras egenskaper hos tvådimensionella, kvantmekaniska mångpartikelsystem. Studierna utförs med spinndensitetsfunktionalteori (SDFT) med den lokala spinndensitetsapproximationen (LSDA), samt med numerisk exakt diagonalisering. De egenskaper som studeras inkluderar symmetribrytande tillstånd i kvantprickar med få elektroner, gap i inneslutna fåpartikThis dissertation investigates properties of two-dimensional many-body systems. Studies are performed using the Spin-Density Functional Theory with the Local Spin-Density Approximation, and numerical exact diagonalization. The properties studied include symmetry-breaking states in few-electron quantum dots, gaps in confined few-body systems, magnetic properties of cold fermionic atoms in optical l
Popular Abstract in Swedish Lödda kompakta plattvärmeväxlare används i stor utsträckning i kyl – och värmepumpanläggningar samt luftkonditioneringsanläggningar. Såväl enfasvärmeutbyte, dvs värmeutbyte mellan två vätskor, som fasomvandling genom kondensation och förångning är viktiga tillämpningsområden. Apparaterna användes inom industri, hushåll, samhälleliga inrättningar mm. Prestandan för olikaThis thesis work presents various performance estimation methods of compact brazed plate heat exchangers (BPHE) operating in single phase, condenser, evaporator, cascaded and transcritical applications. Such methods play a vital role in development of heat exchanger selection software and during geometry parameter estimation in the new product development process. The suitability of employing comm
Popular Abstract in Swedish Kroppens immunförsvar är vårt skydd mot främmande "inkräktare", såsom virus, bakterier och parasiter. Om dessa mikroorganismer tar sig förbi de fysiska barriärerna, dvs. hud, slemhinnor saliv mm, aktiveras immunsystemet. Immun-försvaret kan delas in i det nedärvda eller naturliga försvaret samt det för-värvade försvaret. Det naturliga försvaret aktiveras först och huvudInterleukin (IL)-1beta is one of the most pleiotropic and potent cytokines, produced predominantly by activated monocytes and macrophages. IL-1 plays an important role in normal immunoregulatory processes but also in pathophysiological inflammatory responses. In the present study, we developed a model for active IL-1beta secretion. A retroviral vector containing a cDNA construct encoding the matur
Popular Abstract in English The aim of this thesis is to search for the origins of groups stars with similar kinematics making use of their chemical information. Based on measured elemental abundances from high-resolution spectra, a modified chemical tagging method is used to identify the potential cluster members in two cases. In first case, we employ this method to search for the lost siblings oMost of field stars originate from dissolved star clusters. If the gas cloud is well mixed the stars in the cluster are expected to be chemically homogenous. Although the original kinematical information of a star may be lost under the Galactic dynamic evolution, the chemical signatures are preserved in the form of elemental abundances in individual low-mass stars. The present-day distribution of
Popular Abstract in Swedish Senare års forskning har klart och entydigt pekat på njurens viktiga roll i utvecklingen av högt blodtryck. Det är mycket sannolikt att det föreligger flera av varandra oberoende mekanismer som förklarar uppkomsten av högt blodtryck, men det är möjligt att flera av dessa, på en organfysiologisk, cellfysiologisk eller genetisk nivå kan ha gemensamma patofysiologiska länkStudies were conducted to investigate the role of macula densa (MD)-derived nitric oxide (NO) in regulation of the glomerular filtration (GFR) through the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) mechanism. Immunocytochemical localization of the neuronal isoform of NO synthase (NOS) in the kidney showed that this isoform was exclusively located in MD cells. Whole kidney clearance measurements of GFR and mi
Popular Abstract in Swedish Kroppens immunförsvar är en kraftfull organisation som styrs av ett intrikat samspel mellan olika molekyler. Dess främsta uppgift är att försvara kroppen mot främmande ämnen, såsom virus och bakterier. Detta kräver en snabb reaktion, vilken naturen löst i form av ett kaskadsystem, där ett första fåtal molekyler inom loppet av minuter aktiverat miljontals molekyler och cANCA-associated systemic vasculitis (AASV) is a group of inflammatory disorders, characterized by inflammation and necrosis of blood vessels and frequently granuloma formation. Patients with AASV make autoantibodies, so called ANCA, against proteins present in the granules of neutrophils and monocytes, mainly proteinase 3 (PR3) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Clinically, disease progression is characte
Popular Abstract in Swedish I Sverige utförs cirka 3500 benamputationer varje år. Över 90% av alla amputationer görs på grund av kärlsjukdomar, där förträngningar i blodkärlen försämrar blodflödet med vävnadsdöd och vanligen kallbrand som följd. Det finns i huvudsak tre faktorer som ökar risken för amputation på grund av kärlsjukdom; ålder *80 år, rökning och diabetes. Om man inte tillhör någon avGeneral characteristics and outcome was evaluated in 177 consecutive patients who underwent a major amputation in a defined population. Smoking and diabetes lowered the mean amputation age. Healing failure at six months was seen in 24% of transtibial and in 11% of transfemoral amputees. Preoperative absence of gangrene and hemoglobin >120 g/L increased the risk of healing failure. Six months after
Popular Abstract in Swedish Målet för ceramologisk forskning är att studera och beskriva keramikhantverkstraditioner : krukmakarna, deras produktion och sociala organisation samt användningen af keramikprodukterna. Kunskapen om keramiken gör det möjligt också att studera de mänskliga handlingarna, som keramiken tog del i. Den föreliggande avhandlingen söker att avtäcka kontakt-mönstre mellan olikaThe objective of ceramology is to describe pottery craft traditions; the potters, their production, social organisation and the use of the products. Through this the human actions surrounding the pottery are studied. The objective of the research presented in this thesis is to study patterns of contacts between different, contemporary sites within a limited area through a ceramological analysis of
Murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which specifically react, in immunoblot and immunolocalization experiments, with the human desmosomal cadherins, desmocollins Dsc1 (mAb Dsc1-U100) and Dsc3 (mAb Dsc3-U114), have allowed to study systematically the synthesis of these proteins in tissues and cultured cells. Application of these mAbs in immunofluorescence microscopy on human skin has shown the pres
BACKGROUND: Treatment of diabetic foot ulcers includes a number of different regimes such as glycaemic control, re-vascularization, surgical, local wound treatment, offloading and other non-surgical treatments. Although considered the standard of care, the scientific evidence behind the various debridements used is scarce. This presentation will focus on debridement and V.A.C. Therapy, two treatme
Critics suggest that Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) may not generate improvements in well-being for participating stakeholders, and may in fact undermine indigenous rights. To ensure positive social benefits from REDD+ projects, the United Nations REDD Programme has proposed core safeguards, including local stakeholder participation; free, prior, and informed
The purpose of this study has been to test if GIS based methods calibrated with limited local data can be used to determine the origin and quantity of phosphorus transport to and within a small eutrophic lake, and to assess the effects of this transport on the lake water quality. The lake studied is Lake Flaten in Salem municipality, Sweden. The objectives have been achieved by delineating catchme
Context. With the goal to accurately map about a billion of the Milky Way stars, the astrometric satellite Gaia was launched in December 2013. Its high precision and sensitivity will lead to better understanding of the Galactic structure and evolution. Also, it will be possible to probe the matter distribution in the Galaxy. Aims. To study how well the Galactic matter distribution can be determin
Background: The Ethiopian epidemic is currently on the wane. However, the situation for infected children is in some ways lagging behind due to low treatment coverage and deficient prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Too few studies have examined HIV infected children presenting to care in low-income countries in general. Considering the presence of local variations in the nature of the ep
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health problem in Tanzania with limited health care interventions. Objectives: To study the feasibility of using an abuse screening tool for women attending an outpatient department, and describe how health care workers perceived its benefits and challenges. Methods: Prior to screening, 39 health care workers attended training on gender-based violence an
