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Popular Abstract in Swedish Därför får man sockersjuka (Felix Mulder, 6 år): ”Det är inte bra att äta för mycket socker. Socker är vasst och skär sönder blodkropparna. Då kan man inte göra insulin och man blir sjuk.” Islet amyloid polypeptide (förkortat: IAPP) är ett medelstort äggviteämne - peptid - som upptäcktes 1986 av Per Westermark i Uppsala. Denna upptäckt har en intressant bakgrund. Det hIslet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP; also named ”amylin”) is a member of the calcitonin superfamily of peptides, displaying the closest structural relationship to the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). It is expressed in islet beta-cells and forms islet amyloid in type 2 diabetic patients. IAPP may restrain release and peripheral actions of insulin. Thus, IAPP has been implicated in

Popular Abstract in Swedish Kalcium är inblandat i många viktiga processer i kroppen. Kalciumbindande proteiner är viktiga i detta sammanhang. Det finns ofta en vattenmolekyl med på bindningsstället i proteinet och vi har studerat hur den påverkar bindningsegenskaperna. Kalcium är inblandat i många viktiga processer i kroppen. Kalciumbindande proteiner är viktiga i detta sammanhang. Jag har studeUsing optical spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and differential scanning Calorimetry (DSC), I have studied two different calcium binding proteins that can form kinetically trapped altered states. Calcium is very important in numerous biological processes such as blood coagulation, signal transduction, muscle contraction and bone formation. Calcium binding to proteins regulates these

A novel approach for surface wave testing of pavements is presented. It is a non-destructive testing (NDT) technique that can be used to obtain the thickness and stiffness properties of the different layers in a pavement. With this method structural properties of the pavement can be mapped as a function of time and space, providing a valuable tool in pavement design and management. The technical d

An effective uptake/absorption of drug formulations involve many processes; one being the transport of the active molecule through the mucus layer. The mucus layer is a complex mixture of biological molecules. Among them, mucin is the molecule that mainly provides the gel properties of the layer. Thus, the in-vivo physico-chemical properties of the mucus can to a first approximation be mimicked by

Popular Abstract in Swedish Sammanfattning Mänskliga aktiviteter och klimatförändringar påverkar vegetationen över hela jorden, idag och i framtiden. Denna påverkan kan studeras och kvantifieras med hjälp av observationer från satelliter vilka förmedlar information om vegetationsförändringar i tid och rum. I denna doktorsavhandling har metoder för analys av vegetationsförändringar utvecklats och Abstract This thesis aims to advance the analysis of nonlinear trends in time series of vegetation data from Earth observation satellite sensors. This is accomplished by developing fast, efficient methods suitable for large volumes of data. A set of methods, tools, and a framework are developed and verified using data from regions containing vegetation change hotspots. First, a polynomial-fittin

Popular Abstract in Swedish En studie av hur glokokortikoider hämmar inflammation Glukokortikosteroider, varav kortison är den mest kända, är hormoner som reglerar många funktioner i kroppen och även används som läkemedel för att dämpa inflammatoriska tillstånd som t.ex. astma och reumatiska sjukdomar. Glukokortikosteroider är mycket potenta läkemedel och används flitigt med mycket goda effekter.The aim of this investigation has been to study mechanisms by which glucocorticoids inhibit inflammatory processes in vitro. Type IV cytosolic 85 kDa phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is an important modulator of inflammatory responses that is present in macrophages as well as in other cell types. In macrophages, the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (dex) was found to reduce the expression of cPLA2 a

Popular Abstract in Swedish Ett beta-fosfoglukomutas i kolhydrat-metabolismen hos Lactococcus lactisPhosphoglucomutase (PGM) catalyzes the reversible conversion of glucose 1-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate. Two distinct forms of PGM have been purifed and charactierized in Lactococcus lactis growing on maltose: one specific for the alpha-isomer, and the other specific for the beta-isomer of glucose 1-phosphate. Beta-PGM was purified and polyclonal antisera to the enzyme were generated. Beta-PGM

Popular Abstract in English Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is known as the father of microbiology, because he made the first microscopic observation of bacteria in human history, published in 1683. For the naked human eyes, bacterial cells are too small to observe, and the development of microscopy techniques has since then been fundamental for examining bacterial cells. Recent advances in visualizing toCoiled coil proteins emerge as important determinants of bacterial cellular organization. Several such proteins display properties characteristic to metazoan intermediate filament (IF) proteins, and are therefore designated bacterial IF-like proteins. The best studied examples of the latter are crescentin in Caulobacter crescentus that determines the curved cell shape, and FilP (filament forming-p

The interactions between uncharged polymers, e.g. ethyl(hydroxylethyl)cellulose (EHEC) and some model polymers, and ionic surfactants in aqueous solution has been studied by using isothermal titration and differential scanning calorimetry. We found that titration calorimetry could give quite detailed information about polymer - surfactant interactions. Values for the critical aggregation concentra

The levels of heavy metals in surface water and their potential origin (natural and anthropogenic) were respectively determined and analysed for the Obuasi mining area in Ghana. Using Hawth's tool an extension in ArcGIS 9.2 software, a total of 48 water sample points in Obuasi and its environs were randomly selected for study. The magnitude of As, Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb, Hg, Zn and Cd in surface water fro

Objectives The study sought to evaluate the relationship between procedural volume and outcomes with radial and femoral approach. Background RIVAL (RadIal Vs. femorAL) was a randomized trial of radial versus femoral access for coronary angiography/intervention (N = 7,021),which overall did not show a difference in primary outcome of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or non-coronary artery bypa

Mobility particle size spectrometers often referred to as DMPS (Differential Mobility Particle Sizers) or SMPS (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizers) have found a wide range of applications in atmospheric aerosol research. However, comparability of measurements conducted world-wide is hampered by lack of generally accepted technical standards and guidelines with respect to the instrumental set-up, me

Expanding hypoxia in the Baltic Sea over the past century has led to the development of anoxic and sulfidic (euxinic) deep basins that are only periodically ventilated by inflows of oxygenated waters from the North Sea. In this study, we investigate the potential consequences of the expanding hypoxia for manganese (Mn) burial in the Baltic Sea using a combination of pore water and sediment analyse

PURPOSE:: To describe a family with an 18-year-old woman with fundus albipunctatus and compound heterozygous mutations in RPE65 whose unaffected parents and 1 female sibling harbored single heterozygous RPE65 mutations. DESIGN:: Observational study. PARTICIPANTS:: Four family members. METHODS:: Clinical examinations included full-field electroretinogram (ffERG) after standard (30-minute) and prolo

Background Acute pyelonephritis is a common infection in adult women, but there is a paucity of controlled trials of its treatment and the optimum duration of antibiotic treatment has not been properly defined. We compared the efficacy of ciprofloxacin for 7 days and 14 days in women with community-acquired acute pyelonephritis. Methods In a prospective, non-inferiority trial undertaken at 21 cent

Atmospheric organic aerosols are generally classified as primary and secondary (POA and SOA) according to their formation processes. An actual separation, however, is challenging when the timescales of emission and gas-to-particle formation overlap. The presence of SOA formation in biomass burning plumes leads to scientific questions about whether the oxidized fraction of biomass burning aerosol i

Understanding past methane dynamics in arctic wetlands and lakes is crucial for estimating future methane release. Methane fluxes from lake ecosystems have increasingly been studied, yet only few reconstructions of past methane emissions from lakes are available. In this study, we develop an approach to assess changes in methane availability in lakes based on delta C-13 of chitinous invertebrate r