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Northern Europe was capped by ice during Weichsel (Wurm), the maximum of which occurred approximately 18,000 years before present. When in the latter part of the 19(th) century the view of an all-devastating land ice (the tabula rasa hypothesis) was generally adopted by natural scientists, plant biogeographers used a simple model predicting a post-glacial, northwards re-migration of species in con
Context Inpatients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, warfarin prevents ischemic stroke, but dose adjustment, coagulation monitoring, and bleeding limit its use. Objective To compare the efficacy of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran with warfarin for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism. Design, Setting, and Participants Double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial (20002001)
Popular Abstract in Swedish Patienter med kroniskt obstruktiv lungsjukdom, KOL, har en försämrad lungfunktion och lider av bronkit och andnöd. Dessa symptom beror troligtvis på en ständigt pågående inflammation i lungan som dels leder till ökad slemproduktion och förträngning av luftrören, dels till emfysem dvs. nedbrytning av lungvävnaden vilket försämrar gasutbytet i lungan. Cigarrettrökning är Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD, is manifested by chronic airflow limitation due to inflammation and tissue destruction in the lungs. COPD is caused primarily by smoking and with increasing cigarette consumption in the world, the prevalence for COPD will most probably increase in the future. The chronic inflammation in the lungs of these patients is thought to drive the pathogenesis fo
Background: Since the cloning in 1990 of cDNA corresponding to mRNA transcribed at the blood-group ABO locus, polymorphisms due to ethnic and/or phenotypic variations have been reported. Some subgroups have been explained at the molecular level, but unresolved samples are frequently encountered in the reference laboratory. Results: ABO blood grouping discrepancies were investigated serologically a
The gene fusion technique is widely used in protein engineering and in this thesis it constitutes the basis of both the construction of artificial bifunctional enzymes and the display of two novel peptides. Artificial bifunctional enzymes have been used as model systems in the studies of native multifunctional enzymes and proximity effects within these complexes. Two various constructs are descri
Popular Abstract in Swedish Finkorniga moräner betraktas ofta som problemjordar inom anläggningsbranschen beroende på jordarnas känslighet för förändringar i vatteninnehåll och för deras tjälegenskaper. I dagsläget används endast en begränsad mängd finkorniga moräner i anläggningsbyggande. Huvudmålet med denna avhandling har varit att öka kunskapen om dessa jordars egenskaper och att finna/utvecklFine-grained soils are often regarded as problematic soils in earthworks because of their water- and frost sensitivity. Only limited amounts of fine-grained tills are used as earthwork material today. The main objective of this thesis is to improve the knowledge of how to use and also treat a fine-grained till, so that a greater amount can be utilised as earthwork material. To achieve an increasin
E-business is becoming more and more common today. The predictions of future growth give clear indications that companies will use e-business more and more. However in the growth of e-business it has been identified that there is a common lack of understanding in customer needs and logistics. In order to reduce some of this non-understanding this thesis seeks answers to the following question: - H
Popular Abstract in Swedish Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka det strukturella underlaget för förslagen att makrofager och gaserna kvävemonooxid (NO) och kolmonoxid (CO), som bildas av kvävemonooxidsyntaser (NOS) respektive hemeoxygenaser (HO), är viktiga för att en perifer nerv ska regenerera. Det finns stöd för dessa hypoteser eftersom andra har visat att förhållanden som stör den invThe purpose of this study was to investigate the suggestions that macrophages, and the systems generating nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), i.e. nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and heme oxygenases (HO), could be important for peripheral nerve regeneration. Immunocytochemistry was used to visualise invading and resident macrophages, inducible NOS (iNOS), two isoforms of HO (HO-1 and HO-2),
Popular Abstract in Swedish Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: När udda blir mainstream - om stress och likriktning i växtsamhället I skogen råder stress på många sätt, och precis som i det mänskliga samhället har stressen i växtsamhället ökat under de senaste decennierna. Dessa händelser har heller inte skett oberoende av varandra. Vårt allt snabbare tempo med krav på ökad tillväxt har inte baSoil acidification has become a source of serious concern in many parts of the world. In southern Sweden, the deposition of acidifying substances, such as nitrogen and sulphur compounds, has decreased the mean pH of forest soils by almost one unit since the 1950s. Apart from H+ ions themselves being harmful to plant roots, the potential toxicity of aluminium (Al) is increased when pH drops below 5
The primary aim of the research project is to analyse the potential for the application of lidar and fluorescence techniques in building investigation, and also to establish a scientific remote-sensing method for surveying and analysing the historical facade that is non-destructive and can be used in-situ. The fluorescence lidar method uses point-monitoring and scanning of areas that can provide m
Cerium dioxide, or ceria, is a chemically stable oxygen ion conducting material with a capacity to store and release oxygen, and is therefore extensively used in combustion catalysts. The Cu-Ce-O system has been identified as one of the most active catalysts for the combustion of carbon monoxide. To study the catalytic oxidation of CO, we have synthesised model CuOx/CeO2 cata
A strain of an alkaliphilic bacterium Bacillus halodurans was isolated from a water sample in Lake Shalla, a soda lake in the Ethiopian Rift Valley. From the culture of this isolate, B. halodurans S7, a xylanase which is active in a wide range of pH, with an optimum at about 9-9.5 was purified. When assayed at pH 10, the enzyme was optimally active at 70 ?C. The xylanase was free from any associat
Popular Abstract in Swedish Framtida klimatförändringar påverkas till stor del på människans utsläpp av CO2, samt av klimat- och CO2-relaterade återkopplingar genom kolcykeln i både landbaserade ekosystem och hav. Landbaserade ekosystem tar för tillfället upp omkring 25% av de antropogena utsläppen av CO2 från förbränning av fossila bränslen och markanvändning, men att tillskriva vilka mekanismer The nature of future climate change will depend on anthropogenic emissions of CO2, as well as climate- and CO2-mediated feedbacks through carbon (C) cycling in both terrestrial ecosystems and oceans. Terrestrial ecosystems remove presently about 25% of the anthropogenic CO2 fossil-fuel and land-use change emissions, but to attribute which mechanisms cause this uptake, and the key regions where it
The Zeeman interaction in low-dimensional III-V semiconductor nanostructures is studied. The effective g-value of bulk InGaAs is measured by two different spin resonance techniques. Experimental conditions were found to control the Overhauser effect, thus enabling a highly accurate determination of the g-value, g* = -4.070 ± 0.005, being a prerequisite for theoretical modeling of low-dimensional
Objective: The purpose of the study was to compare in prospective randomized fashion a manually sutured esophagogastric anastomosis in the neck and a stapled in the chest after esophageal resection and gastric tube reconstruction. Summary Background Data: Despite the fact that all reconstructions after esophagectomy will result in a cervical or a thoracic anastomosis, controversy still exists as t
Intramyocellular triacylglycerol (TG) is an important energy store, and the energy content of this depot is higher than the energy content of the muscle glycogen depot. It has recently been shown that the mobilization of fatty acids from this TG pool may be regulated by the neutral lipase hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). This enzyme is known to be rate limiting for intracellular TG hydrolysis in ad
This thesis deals with the carbon balance in a subarctic landscape at different temporal and spatial scales. Its focus is mainly on the peatland and mountain birch forest (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) ecosystems within the Abisko area in northernmost Sweden. This is an area with a temperature close to the 0 OC mean annual isotherm. The area has during the last 30 years experienced a limited
The aim of the project has been to elucidate molecular events leading to amyloidosis in Hereditary Cystatin C Amyloid Angiopathy (HCCAA) patients, to enable simple diagnosis of the disease and with the ultimate goal to understand the amyloid formation process in detail, in order to develop inhibitors to the process. At the DNA level, a point mutation segregating with HCCAA was identified in the cy
To study the role of serum testosterone (T), estradiol (E(2)), and SHBG as regulators of peak bone mass and bone turnover rate in males, a cross-sectional study with data on lifestyle factors collected retrospectively was performed in 204 young Finnish men, 18.3-20.6 yr old. One hundred fifty-four men were recruits of the Finnish Army, and 50 were men of similar age who had postponed their militar
