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OBJECTIVES: To examine the mortality pattern and the cancer incidence in a cohort of long term smelter workers exposed to lead.METHODS: The cohort consists of 664 male lead battery workers, employed for at least three months in 1942-87. From 1969 the values of all blood lead samples repeatedly obtained from these workers every two to three months, have been collected in a database. The expected mo
Biomarkers are used in molecular biology to predict characteristics of interest and are applied in agriculture to accelerate the breeding of target traits. Proteomics has emerged as a promising technology for improved markers by providing a closer view to the phenotype than conventional genome-based approaches. However, a major challenge for biomarker development is that the identified biological
It has been generally accepted that residual cartilage and subchondral bone has to be removed in order to get bony fusion in arthrodeses. In 1998 we reported successful fusion of 11 rheumatoid ankles, all treated with percutaneous fixation only. In at least one of these ankle joints there was cartilage left. More than 25 rheumatoid patients with functional alignment in the ankle joint have subsequ
Pollination is a key ecosystem service for global agriculture but evidence of pollinator population declines is growing. Reliable spatial modelling of pollinator abundance is essential if we are to identify areas at risk of pollination service deficit and effectively target resources to support pollinator populations. Many models exist which predict pollinator abundance but few have been calibrate
BACKGROUND: Malignant melanoma is the most deadly form of skin cancer. Female sex is known to have a protective effect on incidence, tumour characteristics, and mortality from melanoma. However, the potentially modifying effect of sex on the prognostic significance of clinicopathological and investigative factors is generally not taken into consideration in biomarker studies. In this study, we com
The early Middle Ages saw the formation of the three Nordic kingdoms of Sweden, Norway and Denmark, and at that time the area studied here constituted a border region between them. During the same period the Church was very active in the area: a bishopric was established and a large number of churches were built. This makes the area a particularly interesting one to study from the point of view of
Background: Insulin is a therapeutic protein that is widely used for the treatment of diabetes. Its biological function was discovered more than 80 years ago and it has since then been characterized extensively. Crystallization of the insulin molecule has always been a key activity since the protein is often administered by subcutaneous injections of crystalline insulin formulations. Over the year
Pollination by bees is important for food production. Recent concerns about the declines of both domestic and wild bees, calls for measures to promote wild pollinator populations in farmland. However, to be able to efficiently promote and prioritize between measures that benefit pollinators, such as modified land use, agri-environment schemes, or specific conservation measures, it is important to
Quantifying the water exchange between a forest stand and the atmosphere is of major interest for the prediction of future growth conditions and the planning of silvicultural treatments. In the present study, we address (i) the uncertainties of sap flow estimations at the tree level and (ii) the performance of the simulation of stand transpiration. Terrestrial laser scan images (TLS) of a mature b
Materials that are stored or used in damp climates may be subject to mould growth. However, all materials are not equally susceptible to mould growth. For each specific material, there is a critical moisture level. If this is exceeded, there is a risk that mould fungi will develop on the material. In a building, different constructions are exposed to different climatic conditions. To minimise the
Popular Abstract in Swedish Det traditionella jordbruket i nordvästra Europa har gynnat förekomsten av många arter under tusentals år och den snabba övergången till modernt jord- och skogsbruk har lett till försämrade förutsättningar för dessa arter. Både internationellt och nationellt finns strategier för att bevara biologisk mångfald. I Sverige är dessa strategier integrerade i miljömål med ansThis thesis explores the relationship between land-use and floristic diversity over the last three millennia in the uplands of southern Sweden. A quantitative approach based on high-resolution pollen data was applied, using the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm (LRA), historical maps/aerial photographs, palynological richness and new ways to estimate past evenness at regional and local spatial sc
Popular Abstract in Swedish Som en följd av de senaste årens förtätningstrend har stadens täthet blivit en aktuell stadsbyggnadsfråga. Förtätning är ett komplext fenomen som berör en rad centrala egenskaper hos staden. Förtätning är också en kontroversiell stadsbyggnadsstrategi. Det är motsättningen mellan förtätning och friytor som den här avhandlingen tar sin utgångspunkt i. Krymper mellanrummenThe new interest in density displayed by professional town planners and town-planning researchers is related to the present densification of the urban environment in many towns and cities. Research on densification is primarily concerned with the link between urban form and sustainable development. The point of departure of this thesis is to consider what a denser housing environment will mean to
AIM: The enzymatic regulation of intramuscular triacylglycerol (TG) breakdown has until recently not been well understood. Our aim was to elucidate the role of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), which controls TG breakdown in adipose tissue. METHODS: Isolated rat muscle as well as exercising humans were studied. RESULTS: The presence of HSL was demonstrated in all muscle fibre types by Western blotti
Mutations in pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1) can cause a monogenic form of diabetes (maturity onset diabetes of the young 4) in humans, and silencing Pdx-1 in pancreatic β-cells of mice causes diabetes. However, it is not established whether epigenetic alterations of PDX-1 influence type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans. Here we analyzed mRNA expression and DNA methylation of PDX-1 in human pancr
Popular Abstract in Swedish Mikroorganismer finns överallt! De klarar av att överleva i extrema miljöer, extrema pH, extrema temperaturer och kan motstå strålning och gift i doser som vi inte skulle överleva. Framförallt klarar mikroorganismer av att överleva i en specifik extrem miljö - människan. Hundratals olika mikroorganismer bor på och i oss, i ett antal som långt överskrider vårt eget cellaMicroorganisms are everywhere! They can tolerate many diverse extreme environments, such as the human body. Even though many of us might associate the word microorganism with infections and disease, most are actually either harmless or even beneficial for us. Those commensals often fight off more dangerous bacteria and might also directly benefit their host. The human skin harbors several differen
A consensus protocol for treatment of distal radius fractures (DRF) has been developed to aid clinicians in treatment decision making. The protocol was evaluated in Paper I using a validated subjective outcome instrument, DASH in 518 consecutive patients. A good final subjective result was achieved with the proposed protocol, regardless of initial severity with a low median DASH score in all group
Plant species beta diversity is influenced by spatial heterogeneity in the environment. This heterogeneity can potentially be characterised with the help of remote sensing. We used WorldView-2 satellite data acquired over semi-natural grasslands on The Baltic island of Öland (Sweden) to examine whether dissimilarities in remote sensing response were related to fine-scale, between-plot dissimilarit
Resolving fungal and bacterial groups within the microbial decomposer community is thought to capture disparate life strategies for soil microbial decomposers, associating bacteria with an r-selected strategy for carbon (C) and nutrient use, and fungi with a K-selected strategy. Additionally, food-web model-based work has established a widely held belief that the bacterial decomposer pathway in so
