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Unforeseen ground conditions are risk factors often leading to delays and significant additional costs in conjunction with underground infrastructure construction work. There are two main geological hazards that are important to identify, manage, or possibly avoid, for safe and efficient underground construction. The first is unstable rock and the second is large groundwater inflow. The latter exi

Objective: To study whether locally administered recombinant inactivated human coagulation factor VIIa (FFR-rFVIIa) would reduce the thrombus formation and improve patency in an experimental venous thrombosis model without inducing systematic changes in the coagulation. Design: Experimental double-dummy randomised study. Materials: In 20 healthy New Zealand White rabbits both juguIar veins were ex

Phthalic anhydride (PA) is a reactive low molecular weight compound used in the chemical industry. The exposure of PA may lead to work-related airway diseases such as rhinitis, chronic bronchitis, and asthma. The exposure gives rise to an increase in hapten-specific IgG antibodies in workers but with a low presence of specific IgE antibodies. In this study, the binding of PA to human hemoglobin (H

The semiconductor technology development makes it possible to fabricate increasingly advanced integrated circuits (ICs). However, because of imperfections at manufacturing, each individual IC must be tested. A major problem at IC manufacturing test is the increasing test data volume as it leads to high automatic test equipment (ATE) memory requirement, long test application time and low throughput

Intramyocellular triglyceride is an important energy store which is related to insulin resistance. Mobilization of fatty acids from this pool is probably regulated by hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), which has recently been shown to exist in muscle and to be activated by epinephrine via PKA and by contractions via PKC and ERK. 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an intracellular fuel gauge wh

Proteins carrying genetically attached polyhistidine tails have been purified using affinity precipitation with metal chelates. DNA fragments encoding four or five histidine residues have been genetically fused to the oligomeric enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (Bacillus stearothermophilus), beta-glucoronidase (Escherichia coli), and galactose dehydrogenase (Pseudomonas fluorescens) as well as to the

Low-energy-electron-diffraction (LEED), scanning-tunneling-microscopy (STM), and photoelectron-spectroscopy measurements have been performed on the ordered submonolayer surface reconstructions of Yb on Si(111). Two of these reconstructions, namely, 3×1 and 2×1, have been studied in detail. STM and LEED revealed that what was considered to be the 3×1 reconstruction is actually a 3×2 reconstruction.

Protein S is a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein. It functions as a cofactor to activated protein C in the inactivation of factors Va and VIIIa by limited proteolysis. Protein S is very sensitive to proteolysis by thrombin which reduces its calcium ion binding and leads to a loss of its cofactor activity. We have now determined the sequence of the 100 amino-terminal amino acid residues and locali

M1 aminopeptidases comprise a large family of biologically important zinc enzymes. We show that peptide turnover by the M1 prototype, leukotriene A4 hydrolase/aminopeptidase, involves a shift in substrate position associated with exchange of zinc coordinating groups, while maintaining the overall coordination geometry. The transition state is stabilized by residues conserved among M1 members and i

Nitric oxide (NO) can modulate both tumor growth and antitumor immune responses. In order to elucidate the mechanism of curative therapeutic immunization with IFNgamma-producing glioma cells, we examined the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in tissue sections from immunized animals. There was a significantly enhanced iNOS expression both intratumorally and at the immunization s

Nature provides science and society with a virtually unlimited supply of structurally diverse and biologically active molecules; the natural products. While some are directly useful in commercial applications, others are valuable for studying and understanding biological phenomena at the molecular level. An example is the signaling of nerve cells, which has been explored in considerable detail usi