Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling handlar om hur företag visar, och kan visa, miljöhänsyn vid upphandling av godstransporttjänster. Transporter är en starkt bidragande, och växande, faktor till många miljöproblem såsom den förstärkta växthuseffekten och hälsofarliga partiklar i luften. Behovet av transporter ökar ständigt till följd av exempelvis lokalisering av produktion till låglöneThe logistical activity of transport is one of the largest contributors to several environmental problems. One efficient and effective way to decrease the environmental impact from transports is to implement changes in the logistically related strategies and activities applied, such as the selection of transport suppliers. Consideration of the environmental aspect when purchasing transport servic

Popular Abstract in Swedish Artrit karakteriseras av svullnad och värk i leder, ledförstöring och bindvävsförstoring. Denna binvävsförstoring kallas för Pannus och är en förtjockning av det normalt förekommande synovial membranet i en led. Normalt är synovial membranets uppgift att ge näring åt det intilliggande brosket som inte självt har någon blodförsörjning. Synovial membranet innehåller ocksåRheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, inflammatory and systemic disease characterised by joint destruction and pannus formation. To enlarge the understanding how pannus and granulation tissue are formed two animal models were used; one using cartilage wrapped in cotton and implanted into a rat air pouch (AP) and one where mBSA induced arthritis (AIA) was performed. Cell cultures from synovial specime

In this thesis I explore the ecotoxicological responses of aquatic organisms at different hierarchical levels to organic contaminants by means of bioassays. The bioassays use novel endpoints or approaches to elucidate the effects of exposure to contaminants and attempt to give mechanistic explanations that could be used to interpret effects at higher hierarchical scales. The sensitivity of popula

A new construction combining low-density parity-check (LDPC) convolutional codes with multilevel coding/modulation is suggested and analyzed. For the case of QPSK and transmission over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, it is demonstrated that it performs better than an LDPC convolutional code with conventional Gray mapping.

The interaction between large hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces in aqueous solution is investigated, using Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations and density functional theory. Special attention is devoted to the solvation force and its dependence on the nature of the solvent-solvent and solvent-surface interactions. In order to facilitate simulations of surface forces in aqueous systems, methods

Theoretical considerations of eye design allow us to find routes along which the optical structures of eyes may have evolved. If selection constantly favours an increase in the amount of detectable spatial information, a light-sensitive patch will gradually turn into a focused lens eye through continuous small improvements of design. An upper limit for the number of generations required for the co

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Popular Abstract in Swedish Karaktärisering av stärkelse: utveckling av analytiska metoderStarch, comprised of amylose and amylopectin, is a very complex biopolymer. Different methods are therefore needed for the investigation of the molecular structures of amylose and amylopectin. In this thesis analytical methods have been developed and various techniques were combined for the characterisation of starch. Microdialysis was used for sampling and sample clean-up coupled on-line with ani

The major part of the Swedish hydro power development took place between 1945 and 1975. At that point of time, significant progress had been made regarding the use of high quality concrete for hydraulic structures. In spite of the progress made, deterioration of concrete due to freezing and thawing is still frequent. Superficial damage at the waterline and spalling of concrete far below the water

Popular Abstract in Swedish För datorbaserade konstruktionsanalyser används traditionella CAE-verktyg såsom finita elementmetoden (FEM) inom strukturanalys, datorbaserad strömningsanalys och stelkroppsdynamik. Behovet av predikteringar i produktutveckling och konstruktion utgår ifrån det faktum att man i början av utvecklingsprocessen har liten eller ingen kunskap om den blivande produktens egenskThe rapid development of computer-based design analysis tools and methods such as the finite element method (FEM) within computational structural mechanics (CSM), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and multi-body systems (MBS) during recent decades has fundamentally changed the way in which products are designed and developed. Among the many advantages observed in industrial practice, one can men

Highly glazed buildings are often considered to be airy, light and transparent with more access to daylight than traditional buildings, but their energy efficiency is often questioned. This article deals with energy and indoor climate simulations of single skin office buildings in Sweden using a dynamic energy simulation tool. Different building alternatives were studied with 30%, 60% and 100% win