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The primary rule of absolute duty to prosecute is stated in 20:6 RB. This means that the prosecutor is obliged to engage prosecution when there is sufficient evidence for a conviction. The possibility of waiver of prosecution is stated in 20:7 RB and is an exception from the absolute duty of prosecution. The prosecutor can decide to waive prosecution for minor offense not resulting in any other pe
Försäljning av alkohol har varit reglerat under mycket lång tid i Sverige. Den nuvarande regleringen kan spåra sina rötter till 1800- talets mitt och även om reglering förändrats över tiden så är försäljning av alkohol fortfarande starkt reglerad. Alkoholagens syfte är att begränsa alkoholens skadeverkningar. En konsekvens av alkoholagens syfte är att det ställs hög krav på den som vill bedriva seThe sale of alcohol has been regulated for a very long time in Sweden and the origin of the current regulations can be traced to the middle of 1900 century. The nature of these regulations have changed a great deal overtime but the sale of alcohol remains heavily regulated. The main purpose of the Swedish alcohol law “alkohollagen” is to limit the damages caused by alcohol use and as a consequence
Skatteverket har möjlighet att vidta revision i syfte att bl.a. kontrollera om deklarationsskyldighet och annan uppgiftsskyldighet har fullgjorts. Ett beslut om revision fattas av Skatteverket och det kan inte överklagas av den reviderade. Ett överklagande ska i stället avse själva taxeringsfrågan. Domstolen kan även ta ställning i frågor som berör vilka handlingar som ska lämnas ut inom ramen förUnder Swedish law, the Swedish Tax Agency can audit whether companies have fulfilled the general declaration requirement and other disclosure obligations. The decision of the Tax Agency to undertake an audit cannot be appealed. The company subject to the audit can appeal on technical matters related to the audit including whether documents requested by the Tax Agency should be disclosed. The pow
Enligt flyktingkonventionen har inte alla flyktingar rätt till flyktingstatus. Palestinska flyktingar, som åtnjuter skydd eller bistånd från UNRWA, hör till de som exkluderas från konventionens tillämpningsområde. Intentionen med artikel 1 D var inte att dem inte förtjänar samma skydd som andra flyktingar – tvärtom infördes bestämmelsen för att garantera palestinska flyktingar ett kontinuerligt skAccording to the Refugee Convention, not all refugees have the right to a refugee status. Palestinian refugees, who enjoy protection or assistance from UNRWA, are among those excluded from the scope of the Convention. The intention of Article 1 D, which was formulated in the travaux préparatoires to the Convention, was not to provide them of a lower level of protection than other refugees - on the
Tvister som rör vårdnad av barn ger ofta upphov till svåra bedömningsfrågor för domstolarna. Ofta går svaren inte att finna enbart i lagen utan domstolen måste även beakta sociala utredningar. I 6 kap. 2 a § FB framgår att barnets bästa ska vara avgörande för alla beslut om vårdnad, boende och umgänge. I samma paragraf framgår det att barnets kontakt med båda föräldrar ska beaktas i bedömningen avDisputes involving the custody of children often poses complex judicial questions for the court. Often, answers cannot be found only in the law and therefore the court must also take social investigations into account. The law states that the best interests of the child must be decisive for all decisions regarding custody, residence, and visitation. It also states that the child's contact with
The large-scale expansion of wind energy is an important element of the energy transition in Germany and a necessary tool to mitigate climate change. Yet, it is contested in many rural settings across the country. This thesis builds on the argument that rural areas are a crucial factor for the energy transition. They serve as the sites that host most of the infrastructure needed in the transition
Abstract in Uncoded languages U ranijim istraživanjima ratnog nasilja, tokom rata u Bosni i Hercegovini, naglašavana je važnost priča ŽRTAVA ali fokus analize nije bio usmjeren na priče o ratnom nasilju, niti su analizirani poslijeratni intervjui kao produkt međuljudske interakcije. Ovom studijom pokušava se popuniti ta praznina analiziranjem priča osobe koje su preživjele rat u sjeverozapadnoj BoPrevious research on violence during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina have emphasized the importance of narratives without focusing on narratives mentioning war violence, but they have not analyzed stories on war violence that were the product of interpersonal interaction and meaning-making activity. The aim of this study is to fill this knowledge gap by analyzing the narratives of survivors of t
Popular AbstractAvsikten med denna avhandling är att utveckla en teori om de försvårade villkor som män ur arbetarklassen och den lägre medelklassen upplevt i Ronneby sedan början av 1900-talet; om hur traditionen att snabbt komma ut i arbetslivet — som bland män i Ronneby i det närmaste har varit likvärdigt med att bli vuxen — ersatts av ett behov att senarelägga vuxenblivandet. Bakgrunden är attThe place is Ronneby, a smallish town in southern Sweden. My subjects are working class and lower middle class men in Ronneby, men who — since the beginning of the century — have encountered changing conditions for reaching adulthood. In this dissertation, I will analyse these changing and increasingly difficult conditions and try to explain how the tradition of starting to work early in life, and
Popular Abstract in Swedish Försök att föreställa dig något som är så litet att det inte går att se i ett mikroskop, något som är betydligt mindre än både DNA och protein. Det är sådana molekyler jag har jobbat med i mitt avhandlingsarbete. Dessa små molekyler kallas mikroRNA och finns i alla celler och har betydelse för hur en cell uppför sig. De kan till exempel styra bildandet av nya nervcellerOnly a few decades ago, it was generally believed that gene expression was controlled in a unidirectional way, i.e. DNA was transcribed into RNA, which simply acted as a messenger molecule used to produce the protein that executed cellular functions. It was not until the 1970-80’s that RNA interference was proclaimed as a gene regulatory process, and now it is increasingly evident that non-coding
Confidentiality in arbitration has for many years been taken for granted by the parties involved. The question has, until recently, almost never been debated. Even though there has been an assumption that there is a duty of confidentiality, it normally does not rest on a statutory basis. Two opposing views have been taken among judges and scholars regarding the legislative silence. One point of vi
I Sverige förekommer fortfarande problem med hedersrelaterade våldsbrott. År 2016 var en tredjedel av alla mord som begicks mot kvinnor hedersrelaterade. Många röster har höjts för att en straffskärpning bör ske på området. Mitt syfte med uppsatsen har varit att utreda om det finns ett behov att införa en särreglering vad gäller våldsbrott med heder som motiv i straffskärpande syfte. Följande frågIn Sweden there are still problems with honor-related violent crime. In 2016, one third of all murders committed against women were honor-related murders. Many voices have been raised in order for a punishment to take place in the area. The purpose of the present paper has been to investigate whether there is a need to introduce a special regime for violent crime with honor as a motive for puniti
This thesis examines moral advice as a distinctive speech act, focusing on its aim in guiding deliberation. Despite its prevalence in moral discourse, moral advice has been overlooked in comparison to other speech acts, such as blame, praise, and promise. Drawing on speech act theory, I categorise moral advice as a directive speech act, and argue that it is best understood as a hearer-first direct
My article deals with the work of the St Joseph Sisters in the Nordic countries, particularly in Denmark and Sweden, from the sisters’ arrival in 1856 to the 1920:ies. These Catholic sisters belonged to a French congregation called "La Congregation des Sœurs de Saint-Joseph de Chambéry", which was founded at the beginning of the nineteenth century and whose motherhouse was in Chambéry in Savoy. Th
Popular Abstract in Swedish Samarbete är ett värdeladdat ord i svenskt välfärdsarbete och inom socialt arbete förespråkas samarbete ofta som något värdefullt och nödvändigt. Idag finns det en stor, om än fragmenterad, vardagskunskap om samarbete och samverkan. Vetandet präglas dock av ett okritiskt accepterande av samarbetets fördelar, samtidigt som många verksamheter visar att resultaten av samarCo-operation is highly valued in Swedish welfare work and joint efforts within and between healthcare and welfare organizations is not new in Sweden. For decades the authorities have been trying to organize and coordinate various social and medical efforts in the public sector at a central level. This thesis is focusing on the meaning of co-operation between professionals belonging to different or
Popular Abstract in Swedish En fråga inom biologin som länge intresserat forskare är varför det ena könet hos många arter har så väl utvecklade ornament. Till dessa så kallade sekundära könskaraktärer (primära könskaraktärer är de som används vid själva fortplantningen) räknas till exempel påfåglars stjärtplymer och hönsfåglars kammar och sporrar. Dessa ornament förekommer oftast hos hanar och i pFemales often base their choice of mates on the expression, size or intensity, of male sexual ornaments. Indicator models of sexual selection assume that females assess male genetic quality through the expression of these secondary sexual characters. Several mechanisms that link the expression of sexual ornaments to genetic quality have been suggested. Many models assume that this link is individu
PURPOSE: The dissertation addresses the choice of mode of transport, and the selection process, for local travel to regional rail service, with special emphasis on the significance of the bicycle. APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM AND METHODOLOGY: Choice of mode can be viewed as a 2-stage selection process in which different alternatives are rejected at different points in time. First there is a sorting amo
Popular Abstract in English As far as we know the Northern Fulmar (just referred to as Fulmar from her on), did not start breeding on the Faroe Islands before about 150 years ago. But it has been known by the Faroese for a long time. Mainly as a bad omen and according to folklore fishermen would return home if they encountered Fulmars when out at sea, since they believed it was the bringer of storThe Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) is one of the most abundant seabirds in the Northern Hemisphere and the most abundant seabird on the Faroe Islands. Except from a few sporadic observations up until the 1950´s no study has focused on this species on the Faroe Islands. Being considered a significant consumer of marine resources in the Faroese marine ecosystem a closer study of this species´
The maintenance of protein homeostasis, also referred to as proteostasis, is essential for preserving the structural and functional stability of the proteome in living organisms. This involves the precise control of protein synthesis, folding, and degradation. As proteostasis disruption can cause growth and survival deficiencies in bacteria, the investigation of proteostasis has rapidly emerged as
What you hold in your hands is the outcome of an extensive research project into Babette Mangolte's film The Camera: Je, La Camera:1 (1977), and Lucy Lippard;s novel I See/ You Mean (1979), which took place in the frame of If I can't Dance's Performance in Residence programme with invited researcher Jacob Korczynski. Korczynski has investigated the relationship between the subjective role of the c
This dissertation investigates the development of the main Danish modal particles jo, sgu, skam, nu, da, vel, nokand vist. In Modern Danish, these particles express contextualization instructions, that is, they express how theutterance relates to the interactive context. In addition to this common content core, they also share severalexpression features: they cannot be placed in the pre-field, the
