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The CALIFA calorimeter is an advanced detector for gamma rays and light charged particles, accordingly optimized for the demanding requirements of the physics programme proposed for the (RB)-B-3 facility at FAIR. The multipurpose character of CALIFA is required to fulfil challenging demands in energy resolution (5-6% at 1 MeV for gamma rays) and efficiency. Charged particles, e.g. protons of energ
Multiple genetic variants have been reliably associated with obesity-related traits in Europeans, but little is known about their associations and interactions with lifestyle factors in South Asians.
In high-latitude continental shelf environments, late Pleistocene glacial overdeepening and early Holocene eustatic sea-level rise combined to create restricted marine basins with a high vulnerability to oxygen depletion. Here we show that ongoing glacio-isostatic rebound during the Holocene may have played an important role in determining the distribution of past hypoxia in these environments by
In the year 1900, Sweden probably had the oldest population in the contemporary world. It was also the first nation to implement a universal pension system in 1913. The universal character in early social legislation has certainly been decisive for the development of the Swedish welfare state. This alternative has not been self-evident. Why did the reforms turn universal, when the continental mode
Purpose: Recently, there has been an increasing interest in operating conventional linear accelerators without a flattening filter. The aim of this study was to determine beam quality variations as a function of off-axis ray angle for unflattened beams. In addition, a comparison was made with the off-axis energy variation in flattened beams. Methods: Two Elekta Precise linear accelerators were mod
Popular Abstract in Swedish Att det ska råda fri rörlighet för arbetstagare/personer och deras familjemedlemmar är en grundläggande princip i EU-rätten. I artikel 48 i Fördraget om Europeiska unionens funktionssätt (EUF) ges EU befogenhet att vidta åtgärder för att koordinera, samordna, de olika nationella sociala trygghetssystemen inom EU. Förordning 1408/71 och dess ersättare förordning 883/2004This doctoral thesis examines the Swedish parental benefit in relation to the EU principles on free movement, namely the Treaty provisions on free movement for workers and Union citizens, and more specifically, the legislation on coordination of social security benefits – Regulation 1408/71 and its successor Regulation 883/2004. The rights enshrined in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European
The number of nanoparticle-based products on the market is expected to increase considerably during the coming decades. This forces the industry to have highly meticulous manufacturing of large amounts of nanoparticles using cheap and environmentally friendly methods. For the production of metal nanoparticles spark discharge generation is a promising route to fulfill these demands. The spark disch
The varied and distinct ways we connect can facilitate or impose isolation, our own or someone else's. Different forms of isolation are themselves interconnected and sometimes enrich our connecting. The relation between isolation and connection, we argue, is one of complementarity, like Calvino's 'two inseparable and complementary functions of life ... syntony, or participation in the world around
Heterogeneous materials, such as biological tissues, foodstuffs, and rocks, contain a range of microscopic environments where the molecular constituents often have different NMR relaxation time constants and self-diffusion coefficients. Multidimensional correlation methods have greatly improved the possibility for separating and assigning the NMR responses from distinct environments, thereby allow
Using an experimental model of non-alcoholic (alimentary-induced) steatohepatitis in rats, we found that this pathological condition created by consumption of a special diet for 16 weeks results in a drop in the brain mass (by 22%, on average) and also in decreases in the size and morphological modifications of astrocytes and the level of a calcium-binding protein, S-100b. The latter shifts were g
Aim This qualitative study was set out to explore oncology outpatient experiences of having cancer, to illuminate coping strategies and to explore perceptions of care and service provided while treated for cancer. Materials and methods Thirty patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy were consecutively selected for the study in three oncology outpatient clinics in Iceland; mean age was 55 y
This paper addresses the decline in infant mortality that occurred with a remarkable synchronization across Europe around the turn of the century 1900. It is the argument of this paper that this development is not just, as in the conventional view, the side effect of economic growth but could be derived through a cumulative chain of events, starting with the discovery of the germ theory. Mokyr has
A capture-mark-recapture study on the threatened saproxylic beetle Lucanus cervus was carried out in a chestnut (Castanea sativa) woodland located in northern Italy, using visual encounter surveys (VES) as well as aerial flight interception traps and pitfall traps (PT), both of which were baited with different odour lures. In total, 111 males and 25 females were captured, and VES was by far the mo
