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The recent “Conscious Turing Machine” (CTM) proposal offered by Manuel and Lenore Blum aims to define and explore consciousness, contribute to the solution of the hard problem, and demonstrate the value of theoretical computer science with respect to the study of consciousness. Surprisingly, given the ambitiousness and novelty of the proposal (and the prominence of its creators), CTM has received
We propose that a recently discovered event-related potential (ERP) component—the pre-activation negativity (PrAN)—indexes the predictive strength of phonological cues, including segments, word tones, and sentence-level tones. Specifically, we argue that PrAN is a reflection of the brain’s anticipation of upcoming speech (segments, morphemes, words, and syntactic structures). Findings from a long
Human physiology is the study of how organisms, organ systems, and individual organs function under normal circumstances. As a consequence of its paramount importance to medicine, physiology has been studied since ancient times, but the models studied in this book follow the tradition of modern physiology pioneered by Claude Bernard in the mid 1800s.The focus of the book lies on how dynamical mech
When addressing lying and deception in language production, it is imperative to acknowledge that behavioral indicators may play a role. This include evaluation of multiple distinct verbal and nonverbal behavioral indicators, such as gaze cues, pulse rate, hand movements, and manifestations of nervousness. Here, the role of cognitive load during speaking and writing, and how cognitive load due to t
Pharmacometric modeling plays an important role in drug development and personalized medicine. Pharmacometric covariate models can be used to describe the relationships between patient characteristics (such as age and weight) and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters. Traditionally, the functional structure of these relationships are obtained manually. This is a time-consuming task, and consequently lim
Speaking in poor acoustic conditions constitutes a risk factor for voice disorders. This study investigated how speaker’s comfort and vocal effort were affected during short speech tasks in four different room acoustic configurations. Voice recordings of the speech tasks and self-evaluations of the speaker’s comfort were collected from 15 participants in four room acoustic configurations as part o
Speech signal decoding relies on both cognitive performance and the ability to perceive the acoustic signal in sufficient detail. In everyday communication, natural speech is often rapid, spatially and spectrally complex, and accompanied by noise. The brain generates predictions to cope with the complex nature of the auditory signal in speech perception. Anticipatory coarticulation is a natural pa
We build on the predictive processing framework to show that intelligent behaviour is adaptive control, driven by accurate prediction and uncertainty reduction in dynamic environments with limited information. We argue that adaptive control arises through a process of re-concretisation, where learned abstractions are grounded in new situations via embodiment. We use this as an explanation of why A
The recent open letter from the Future of Life Institute (FLI) calling for a pause on the development of AI systems has generated a significant amount of discussion. We argue that more significant action to address the potential dangers of large, generative models, requires increased efforts on AI governance, and research funding structures to build a sustainable basis for transparent research on
With robots increasingly succeeding in exhibiting more human-like behaviours, humans may be more likely to ‘forgive’ their errors and continue to trust them as a result of ascribing higher, more human-like intelligence to them. If an integral aspect of successful HRI is to accurately communicate the competence of a robot, it can be argued that the technical success of the robot in exhibiting human
Continued professional development (CPD), tailored to teachers’ needs and expectations, is required for updated skills and knowledge. In this study, twenty-five teachers working with first and second grade students participated in an 11-week programme focusing on enhancing classroom communication. The participating teachers were randomly assigned to either a direct intervention track (intervention
Purpose: Vocabulary relates to overall language proficiency and is important for academic success. Word definition (WD) tasks can be used to assess vocabulary depth and definition skills. We investigate monolingual and bilingual children's performances on a WD task, and how bilingualism, level of parental education, school characteristics (proportion of students with Swedish as second language and
The aim of the present study is twofold: to explore the assessment andintervention practices of Swedish practitioners (mainly Speech and LanguageTherapists: SLTs) for multilingual children with Developmental LanguageDisorders (DLD) and to explore to which extent they perceive themselves asconfident with respect to assessment and intervention. The data comes fromthe Swedish part of the survey by th
While recent cognitive science research shows a renewed interest in understanding intelligence, there is still little consensus on what constitutes intelligent behaviour and how it should be assessed. Here we propose a refined approach to biological intelligence as accurate prediction, according to which intelligent behaviour should be understood as adaptive control driven by the minimisation of u
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a complex condition caused by various underlying pathophysiological disorders and is the most common heart arrhythmia worldwide, affecting 2 % of the European population. This prevalence increases with age, imposing significant financial, economic, and human burdens. In Europe, stroke is the second leading cause of death and the primary cause of disability, with numbers
Positioning with 5G signals generally requires connection to several base stations (BSs), which makes positioning more demanding in terms of infrastructure than communications. To address this issue, there have been several theoretical studies on single BS positioning, leveraging high-resolution angle and delay estimation and multipath exploitation possibilities at mmWave frequencies. This paper p
