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Age estimation based on the dentition of animal remains is one of the most important methods used for analysis of the demography of past as well as contemporary animal populations by zooarchaeologists and wild game biologists (Wagenknecht 1967; Silver 1969; Morris 1972; Wilson et al. 1982). By constructing age profiles from faunal remains it is possible to study hunting of wild boar and pig husban

Background and purpose: Accurate grading and genotyping of gliomas are critical for tailoring personalized therapeutic strategies and predicting patient outcomes. This study investigates the potential of 5T glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) imaging in differentiating glioma grades and predicting pivotal molecular biomarker status. Methods: We first validated the specificity

Silk fibres derive their exceptional properties from hierarchical protein organisation, yet the molecular pathways that guide this structural transformation remain poorly resolved. During regenerated silk fibroin gelation under biomimetic gradual acidification, we identify a stepwise assembly pathway comprising nanoscale clustering, domain growth within clusters, and mesoscale network formation. T

**Mindre data, bättre mat: Konsten att gissa rätt med statistik** Att ställa om till hållbar mat är dyrt och riskabelt. Företag förlitar sig på smakpaneler, men med få provsmakare blir resultaten ofta osäkra gissningar. Detta examensarbete visar att avancerad sannolikhetslära kan vaska fram guld ur små datamängder. Men nyckeln till framgång var oväntad: för att fatta bättre beslut måste vi våga tConsumer sensory panels are the gold standard for evaluating food products, yet they often suffer from small sample sizes and sparse, ordinal data. Standard frequentist methods for analyzing this data (e.g. ANOVA, McNemar's test) often violate assumptions or lack statistical power. This thesis evaluates the efficacy of Bayesian Hierarchical Models (BHMs) with cumulative link likelihoods for an

Poor postoperative outcomes following colon cancer (CC) resection are influenced by multiple factors, including both patient-related characteristics as well as surgeon-related factors. However, the influence of surgical specialization, surgeon resection volume and surgeon gender on patient’s postoperative out- come, after complex procedures such as emergency CC resection, remains incompletely unde

The demographic development suggests a dramatic growth in the number of elderly patients undergoing surgery in Europe. Most red blood cell transfusions (RBCT) are administered to older people, but little is known about perioperative transfusion practices in this population. In this secondary analysis of the prospective observational multicentre European Transfusion Practice and Outcome Study (ETPO

BackgroundIt is uncertain whether the association of the intraoperative driving pressure (ΔP) with postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) depends on the surgical approach during abdominal surgery. Our primary objective was to determine and compare the association of time–weighted average ΔP (ΔPTW) with PPCs. We also tested the association of ΔPTW with intraoperative adverse events.MethodsPos

The 244Pu(48Ca,xn)292-xFl reaction was investigated at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's 88 Inch Cyclotron using the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator (BGS), the newly installed SuperHeavy RECoil (SHREC) detector, along with an upgraded digital electronics and data acquisition system. Seven decay chains were observed starting with an evaporation residue (EVR) followed by a single α decay and a s

Background: The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic health-care systems. However, COVID-19 exposed the fragility of planned surgical services around the world, which have also been neglected in pandemic recovery planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel index to support local elective surgical system streng

BackgroundSurgical services were poorly prepared for the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to widescale disruption to elective activity. This study aimed to identify actionable priorities to strengthen pandemic preparedness of surgical and hospital systems.MethodsThis study pooled data from three international, prospective cohort studies including patients who had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result in the

Background: Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.Methods: This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperativ

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine hospital services globally. This study estimated the total number of adult elective operations that would be cancelled worldwide during the 12 weeks of peak disruption due to COVID-19.Methods: A global expert response study was conducted to elicit projections for the proportion of elective surgery that would be cancelled or postponed during t

BackgroundThe aim of this analysis is to determine geo–economic variations in epidemiology, ventilator settings and outcome in patients receiving general anesthesia for surgery.MethodsPosthoc analysis of a worldwide study in 29 countries. Lower and upper middle–income countries (LMIC and UMIC), and high–income countries (HIC) were compared. The coprimary endpoint was the risk for and incidence of

Introduction The benefits of alveolar recruitment manoeuvres (ARMs) conducted during general anaesthesia (GA) have been a topic of debate. An ARM is an intentional transient increase in trans-pulmonary pressure aimed at reopening non-aerated or poorly aerated alveoli that are subsequently kept open by applying positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). However, an inappropriately high positive intra

IntroductionWhile smoking has been consistently identified as a significant contributor to postoperative complications, the existing literature on its association with postoperative pulmonary complications remains conflicting.AimWe examined the association of preoperative smoking with the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs).MethodsPost hoc analysis of an observational study

This paper explores the legal relevance of delusions in determining criminal responsibility. We argue that although delusions may be relevant in assessing capacity for criminal responsibility, the specific content of delusional beliefs should not form the basis for judgments of blameworthiness. The analysis takes the Anglo-American criminal law tradition as its starting point, focusing on the geneThis paper explores the legal relevance of delusions in determining criminal responsibility. We argue that although delusions may be relevant in assessing capacity for criminal responsibility, the specific content of delusional beliefs should not form the basis for judgments of blameworthiness. The analysis takes the Anglo-American criminal law tradition as its starting point, focusing on the gene