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Sundaland, a subcontinent situated in the Indo-Malay Archipelago, is characterized by a dynamic climatic, geological, and geographical history and a correspondingly diverse biota. The distribution of this biota follows complex biogeographical patterns, with high levels of local endemism and frequent instances of hidden diversity—greater genetic differentiation than expected based on phenotype. Bio
This letter addresses the robustness of a prescribed-time observer for a class of nonlinear systems in the presence of disturbances and unmodeled dynamics. It is proven and demonstrated through simulations that the proposed observer completely rejects the effects of large bounded disturbances and unmodeled dynamics, enabling accurate estimation of both the states and the disturbances. Furthermore,
Recovery from significant mental health issues is a multidimensional process, which can be considered from a range of perspectives. However, mental health services have traditionally been limited to addressing custodial and clinical aspects of recovery. This narrow view of recovery prioritizes physical safety and security while addressing symptoms via medical and psychological treatments. People l
Migraine treatments that target calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are widely used, but questions remain regarding their mechanisms and sites of action. Re-examination of the effects of CGRP in the trigeminovascular system has now refined our understanding of nociceptive CGRP signalling and underscores the importance of early therapeutic intervention.
Background Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a debilitating and understudied psychiatric condition of largely unknown etiology. Emerging evidence suggests that BDD may be a familial and heritable disorder, but family studies of diagnosed individuals and their biological relatives are yet to be conducted. Methods We identified 4,857,049 individuals born in Sweden between 1960 and 2008 with informat
Bacterial infection and hemorrhage remain significant clinical challenges for chronic wounds, despite advancements in antimicrobial strategies and materials. Herein, 980 nm-laser-responsive photothermal conjugated polymers (CPs) are combined with chitosan-based cryogels (CP@Gel) to achieve rapid hemostasis and efficient anti-infectious performance. CP nanoparticles (CP NPs) were prepared by nanopr
Objective This study attempted to quantify the bias expected due to partly interval-censored (IC) outcomes in the estimated association between hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) taper/cessation and time to disease flare among individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Using data-driven simulations, we estimated bias expected due to IC using real-world data from the Systemic Lupus Internat
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common but underrecognized sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by intermittent hypoxemia and autonomic dysfunction. OSA prevalence and clinical relevance in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), particularly in relation to diabetes-related vascular complications, remain insufficiently explored. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate th
400 Background: Cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been implicated in prostate cancer (PCa) progression. However, the specific TME cell subtypes and cell–cell interactions driving disease progression in patients remains unclear. Traditional tumor profiling techniques lack the resolution needed to assess complex single-cell and spatial biomarkers. Imaging Mass Cytometry (IMC) can identi
Objective: Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for testicular germ cell cancer is a complex procedure associated with postoperative complications and long-term morbidity, best performed by experienced surgeons at high-volume centers. This study evaluates surgical outcomes of RPLND in a centralized population-based cohort. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of a prospective multice
Water resilience plays a critical role in ensuring uninterrupted function in modern hospitals. Disturbance to the supply of this precious material creates robust issues in care and patient safety. This chapter explores how AI with IoT-based solutions can be used to enhance water management further for sustainability and reliability of supply in smart hospitals to solve or even prevent water crises
BACKGROUND: – Understanding circuit-level changes that either enhance or impair the brain’s capacity for recovery will inform the design of more specific, targeted interventions to enhance recovery from stroke. We previously reported that pharmacological blockade of mGlu5 (type-5 metabotropic glutamate) receptors improves recovery of sensorimotor function in rodent models of stroke, concomitant wi
We examine the lasting impact of Cold War alignment on African development. To overcome the empirical challenge of ambiguous and interdependent international alliances during the Cold War, we introduce a non-cooperative game of social interactions. Using pre-determined, country-level characteristics to construct payoffs, we identify a unique two-bloc equilibrium partition of the continent. We then
In this paper we continue the work of describing polynomial subalgebras of finite codimension that was started in Grönkvist et al. (Appl Algebra Eng Commun Comput 33(6):751–789, 2022). Let K be an algebraically closed field, and A⊂K[x1,…,xn] be a subalgebra of finite codimension. It is known that there exists a (not necessarily unique) finite filtration of K-algebras (Formula presented.) where eac
Background: Stroke remains a global health challenge, with its burden disproportionately affecting developing nations, including Iran. Rapid access to medical care is crucial for improving outcomes. However, spatial and temporal factors often leads to delays, adversely impacting survival. This study investigated predictors of in-hospital mortality among stroke patients in Mashhad, Iran, with a nov
Warnings of pathogens manufactured to target a specific ethnic group, so-called genetic bioweapons, have recently received considerable media attention. Genetic bioweapons figure prominently in reports on potential future risks emerging from combining genetic research, artificial intelligence and synthetic biology. They are also part of political narratives signaling imminent danger because of ong
This study investigates the association between individual-level characteristics and the risk ofhaving an unmet need for contraception in the United States between 2002 and 2017 for womenwho were sexually active, not pregnant or postpartum, fecund, and wanted no more children.Using data from the National Survey of Family Growth, logistic regression models are used toestimate the association betwee
Background: Adult-onset diabetes comprises subgroups differing in pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and risk of comorbidities. We investigated early phenotypic differences between individuals who later developed diabetes, stratified by subgroup at diabetes diagnosis. Methods: We conducted a pooled analysis of nine prospective European cohorts with 3309 individuals developing incident diabete
Objectives To identify and describe frameworks for systematically identifying research gaps from evidence syntheses, framing research needs, and establishing priorities, with emphasis on their use of GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) certainty of evidence (CoE) domains and evidence-to-decision (EtD) criteria. Study Design and Setting We conducted a scoping r
Background: The Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase is one of the 15 enzymes required for biosynthesis of chlorophyll in plants. The Ycf54 protein is a component associated with this enzyme and probably functions as a chaperone. Due to the lack of mutants in the Ycf54 gene, we targeted this gene in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by RNA-guided Cas9 genome editing to dissect its role in chlor
