Characteristic mode based pattern reconfigurable antenna for mobile handset
Pattern reconfigurability is a desirable feature of mobile handset antennas, as it enables the antennas to adapt to non-stationary propagation environments. However, it is difficult to vary the radiation pattern of a handset antenna at frequencies below 1 GHz because the entire chassis commonly acts as the main radiator. Hence, designing pattern reconfigurability based on the antenna element (seco