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The aim of the present study is to develop a mathematical model for evaluating therapeutic response of combined treatment modalities. The study was performed in rats of the Fischer-344 strain with rat glioma N32 or N29 tumors implanted subcutaneously on the thigh of the hind leg. Pulsed electric fields, PEF, with 16 exponentially decaying pulses with a maximum electric field strength of 140 V/mm a

The Tundra Ecology -94 expedition investigated inflow of inorganic and organic carbon to the shelf seas by river runoff, and its transformation by biochemical processes in seawater and sediment. In addition, anthropogenic radionuclides, 137Cs, 90Sr, and 239,240Pu, were studied in water and sediments. The distribution of dissolved inorganic carbon indicates that the majority of the Ob and Yenisey d

The objective was to investigate if diffusing laser fibres can be modelled as conductive heat sources without miscalculating coagulated volumes, and if finite element analysis, disregarding light transport, may be used for three dimensional (3D) treatment planning in interstitial laser thermotherapy (ILT). Temperature distributions and coagulated volumes with a diffusing laser fibre, as compared t

The antitumour effect of applied high voltage exponential pulses was investigated on rats with subcutaneously implanted N32 brain tumours. Superficial tumours on the thigh were produced by the injection of 100 000 N32 glioma cells on Fischer-344 rats. Four weeks after inoculation, a solid tumour has grown to a size of about 1 cm located directly under the skin. Short electric high voltage pulses w

Quantitative measurements of blood flow based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using conventional multiple spin echo sequences were evalutated in vivo in healthy young volunteers. Blood flow was measured using MRI in the femoral vein. The initial slope of the multiple spin echo decay curve, corrected for the T2 decay of non-flowing blood was used to calculate the blood flow. As a reference, the

The magnetic properties of 12 different types of aneurysm clip were investigated in order to identify which clips allow postoperative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging without risk. Clip-induced MR artifacts were also quantitatively studied using a geometrical phantom. Nonferromagnetic aneurysm clips like the Yasargil Phynox, Sugita Elgiloy, and Vari-Angle McFadden clips do not appear to contraindic

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a method for the quantification of through-plane flow velocities by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from the flow characteristics of conventional multiple spin-echo (MSE) signals. Simulated inflow-outflow-dependent signals, as well as images of a flow phantom were generated and the logarithm of the flow-dependent signal value was plotted against echo time

Our previous studies have shown that incomplete white matter infarctions are common in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. To visualize and interpret these changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), knowledge of MR relaxation times associated with this histopathology is important. The proton MR relaxation times T1 and T2 were determined in vitro for 3 groups of specimens. Fifty specimens of n

A basic theoretical model that describes the effects of flow in and out of the imaging plane in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) images, obtained with the standard pulse sequences single spin echo, multiple spin echo, and inversion recovery, is presented. Theoretically calculated signal values are compared with experimental results obtained from single-slice images of a flow phantom for variable f

Proton MR relaxation times T1 and T2 were determined in vitro in 136 small specimens of astrocytomas grades I-IV, of oligodendrogliomas, metastases of adenocarcinomas, meningiomas and acoustic neuromas. In addition, 7 samples of peritumoural white matter were analysed. The analysed specimens were studied microscopically in their entirety regarding tumour type and occurrence of necrosis and non-tum

Adolescent mental health is key for later well-being. Yet, causal evidence on environmental drivers of adolescent mental health is scant. We study how an important classroom feature---the gender composition in compulsory-school---affects mental health. We use Swedish administrative data ($N=576,285$) to link variation in gender composition across classrooms within cohorts to mental health. We find

The situation in East Timor is turbulent and future growth prospects are indeterminate. This paper discusses the economic challenges facing East Timor. Most inhabitants depend on subsistence farming and there is a need to both modernize agriculture and to foster a modern sector that can generate employment for the growing population. Public expenditures play an important role in this development a

The book is monograph on the work of Swedish filmmaker and visual artist Lena Mattsson (b. 1966) with an introductory essay by Andersson, and two texts by Wiberg and Nilsson respectively. The book is illustrated with photographs and film stills from the whole of Mattsson's career, but the main focus is on her recent projects.A monograph on the art of visual artist and filmmaker Lena Mattsson, Sweden (b. 1966). The book includes a lengthy essay by Andersson and two brief texts by Wiberg and Nilsson, and is furthermore illustrated with photographs and film stills from the whole of Mattsson's career. Focus is on her recent works, though.

Negative interest rates were once seen as impossible outside the realm of economic theory. However, several central banks have recently adopted negative policy rates. The Federal Reserve is coming under increasing pressure to follow suit in the wake of the coronavirus crisis. This paper investigates the actual effects of negative interest rates using the Swedish experience from 2015 to 2019. The S