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We present a general theory for the full counting statistics of multiple Andreev reflections in incoherent superconducting-normal-superconducting contacts. The theory, based on a stochastic path integral approach, is applied to a superconductor-double-barrier system. It is found that all cumulants of the current show a pronounced subharmonic gap structure at voltages V=2Δ/en. For low voltages V≪Δ/
Patients with subcutaneously placed silicone gel prostheses, for reconstruction after subcutaneous mastectomies, often complain of cold breasts as well as of slow regaining of warmth after cooling. We have used thermography in 7 such women and in 7 healthy women of the same age group as controls. Thermography has also been used in 3 women after repositioning of the subcutaneously placed prostheses
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is a dominant cause of mortality in the intensive care unit. Experimentally, a condition similar to the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome can be induced by the intraperitoneal injection of sterile zymosan. In the present study we investigate potential alterations in multiple organ functions, endothelial permeability, and antiproteinases after intraperitoneal i
WE-14, a post-translational product of the neuroendocrine protein chromogranin A (CgA), is generated in distinct subpopulations of endocrine cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the generation of WE-14 in the endocrine cell types of the oxyntic mucosa of the stomach, after treatment with reserpine, an irreversible inhibitor of vesicular monoamine uptake 2 (VMAT2). Reserpine (10 mg
The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in anxiety and defense mechanisms between differently creative people. Two extreme groups that scored either very high or very low on a test of the creative function were selected from a larger cohort (N = 60). Each group consisted of 12 male undergraduate students, who took a test of defense mechanisms and completed anxiety inventories. The
This paper provides an overview of the aims, objectives, research activities under-taken, and a selection of results generated in the European Commission-funded project entitled "Modelling the Impact of Climate Extremes" (MICE) - a pan-European end-to-end assessment, from climate model to impact model, of the potential impacts of climate change on a range of economic sectors important to the regio
Giant-cell tumor of bone (GCT) is a locally aggressive neoplasm of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. Cytogenetically, no consistent chromosomal alterations, apart from telomeric associations involving various chromosome ends, have been described. Recently, however, it was reported that by using highly sensitive nested RT-PCR, a high proportion of GCT displays chimeric EWS/FLI1 fusion transcripts,
A new method to determine quasi diabatic (QD) CASSCF states is presented. The adiabatic states are subjected to a unitary transformation resulting from diagonalization of a state-selection operator. The latter is constructed from the overlap of the adiabatic states with a suitable set of reference states. The multi-state (MS) CASPT2 method is used to account for the dynamical correlation effects i
The volume and structural changes upon replacement of oppositely charged network counterions for oppositely charged macroions in cross-linked polyelectrolyte gels have been investigated by Monte Carlo simulations using a coarse-grained model. Initially, the gel deswells, but after an approximately equivalent amount of macroions, the gel starts to swell again. The deswelling effect is greatest for
It seems that at conception something is formed which, due to its genetic make-up, has the potentiality to develop into a full-blown human being. Many believe that in virtue of this potentiality, this organism, the human zygote or early embryo, has an intrinsic value which makes it wrong to use or produce it merely as a means to some end, e.g., some scientific end such as to produce embryonic stem
Substantial research has been dedicated to the study of the relationship between genetic mechanisms regulating cell functions in tumors and how those tumors respond to various treatment regimens. Because these mechanisms are still not well understood, we have chosen to study the genetic makeup of 57 tumor samples from patients with follicular lymphoma (FL). Our goal was to develop a prognostic too
Individuals with an inherited predisposition to cancer development are at an increased risk of developing multiple tumours. Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is one of the most common hereditary cancer syndromes and is estimated to account for approximately 2% of colorectal cancers. However, HNPCC individuals are at an increased risk of developing other tumour types such as cancer
C1q deficiency is a rare condition associated with a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like syndrome and recurrent infections. Here we present the molecular basis behind C1q deficiency in three sisters of Inuit origin. Initial examination for complement deficiency showed no function of the classical complement activation pathway in the patients; the lectin and alternative pathways were intact. No
The main component of the sex pheromone precursor in females of Macrodiprion nemoralis was identified as a threo-3,7,9-trimethyl-2-tridecanol isomer, approximately 800 pg per female, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Comparison of mass spectrometric ion chromatograms showed that the natural compound in the female extract has the same retention time and mass spectrum as one of the two synthe
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of an additional 12-week treatment with varenicline for abstainers who had successfully completed an initial 12-week treatment. The Benefits of Smoking Cessation on Outcomes simulation model was used to simulate both direct and indirect effects of smoking cessation. All calculations were performed in 2003 Swedish prices. Sweden in 2003. The modelled cohort consis
