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Background: Xylose reductase (XR) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) from Pichia stipitis are the two enzymes most commonly used in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains engineered for xylose utilization. The availability of NAD+ for XDH is limited during anaerobic xylose fermentation because of the preference of XR for NADPH. This in turn results in xylitol formation and reduced ethanol yield

Prehistoric population structure associated with the transition to an agricultural lifestyle in Europe remains a contentious idea. Population-genomic data from 11 Scandinavian Stone Age human remains suggest that hunter-gatherers had lower genetic diversity than that of farmers. Despite their close geographical proximity, the genetic differentiation between the two Stone Age groups was greater tha

Emergency abdominal surgery outcomes represent an internationally important marker of healthcare quality and capacity. In this study, a novel approach to investigating global surgical outcomes is proposed, involving collaborative methodology using 'snapshot' clinical data collection over a 2-week period. The primary aim is to identify internationally relevant, modifiable surgical practices (in ter

The measurement of primary [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] production at mid-rapidity ([Formula: see text] 0.5) in proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] 7 TeV performed with a large ion collider experiment at the large hadron collider (LHC) is reported. Particle identification is performed using the specific ionisat

Popular Abstract in Swedish Till och med kroppens allra enklaste celler är så avancerade att vi inte förstår i detalj hur de fungerar eller hur de påverkar kroppen. Nervceller tillhör kroppens mer avancerade celler och vi får erkänna att all den kunskap vi har om dem är mindre än vad som finns att veta. Komplexiteten hos hjärnan är mångfalt större för nervcellerna kommunicerar blixtsnabbt med varaIn the hippocampus, dendritic spines are compartmentalized postsynaptic micro-domains in the excitatory synapse. Subsets of bigger and mushroom-shaped hippocampal dendritic spines contain tubules and cisterns of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that are connected to the soma and dendrites of the neuron. These ER containing spines differ in their ability to retain ER. We hypothesized a functional couplin

I will propose some ideas about such pictures claiming to be self-demonstrating or selfillustrating, mostly using some classical anatomy illustrations. Based on these you may say that the anatomy seems to create a remarkable, realistic pictorial code, which casts together in one single, selfdemonstrating shape, an object of knowledge with the properties of the natural object itself. This is the pa

Classification of speed profiles is necessary to allow interpretation of automatic speed measurements in terms of road user behaviour. Aggregation without considering variation in individual profile shapes easily leads to aggregation bias, while classification based on exogenous criteria runs the risk of loosing important information on behavioural (co-) variation. In this paper we test how three

We tested whether the presence of plant roots would impair the uptake of ammonium ([Formula: see text]), glycine, and glutamate by microorganisms in a deciduous forest soil exposed to constant or variable moisture in a short-term (24-h) experiment. The uptake of (15)NH4 and dual labeled amino acids by the grass Festuca gigantea L. and soil microorganisms was determined in planted and unplanted soi

Background: We previously showed that a VLDL-and LDL-rich mix of human native lipoproteins induces a set of repressive epigenetic marks, i. e. de novo DNA methylation, histone 4 hypoacetylation and histone 4 lysine 20 (H4K20) hypermethylation in THP-1 macrophages. Here, we: 1) ask what gene expression changes accompany these epigenetic responses; 2) test the involvement of candidate factors mediat

Abstract in Undetermined As a generalization of the commonly assumed Poisson distribution (PD) used to estimate the annual number of peaks over threshold in partial duration series (PDS) model, the negative binomial (NB) distribution is proposed in this study. Instead of generalized pareto distribution (GPD) and exponential distribution (ED) models popularly applied to predict the probability of t

Purpose. Male breast cancer (MBC) is an uncommon disease. In the absence of randomized studies, current guidelines are mainly based on data on the management of female breast cancer (FBC). In light of concerns regarding the quality and extent of management in men, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether there are differences in tumor characteristics, treatment and outcome in male c

Background: Epidemiologic data and animal models suggest that, despite the predominant role of human papillomavirus infection, sex steroid hormones are also involved in the etiology of invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC). Methods: Ninety-nine ICC cases, 121 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) cases and 2 control women matched with each case for center, age, menopausal status and blood

The voluntary nature of programs that pay landowners for conservation measures raises the question of what factors favor participation in such programs. This article focuses on the controversial issue of the impact of information on the participation decision. We develop a straightforward model to analyze how information affects this decision, and empirically estimate the impact of information, as

Hemming Ivar Virgin (1918-2005) was a pioneer in plant photobiology.The main topics of his research covered areas such as light effects on viscosity of protoplasm, determination of turgor and elasticity of plant organs, chlorophyll formation and accumulation, plastid development during greening, and phytochrome regulation of physiological processes.

Moodysson J. and Zukauskaite E. Institutional conditions and innovation systems: on the impact of regional policy on firms in different sectors, Regional Studies. This paper deals with institutional conditions in regional innovation systems: how institutions affect the organization of innovation activities among firms; and in what ways regional policy initiatives can be supportive. The analysis dr

Background: Low blood levels of vitamin D (25-hydroxy D3, 25OHD3) in women have been associated with an increased risk of several diseases. A large part of the population may have suboptimal 25OHD3 levels but high-risk groups are not well known. The aim of the present study was to identify determinants for serum levels of 25OHD3 in women, i.e. factors such as lifestyle, menopausal status, diet and

Evidence on the association between dietary flavonoids and lignans and breast cancer (BC) risk is inconclusive, with the possible exception of isoflavones in Asian countries. Therefore, we investigated prospectively dietary total and subclasses of flavonoid and lignan intake and BC risk according to menopause and hormonal receptor status in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nu

Recension av Herman Lindqvist, Våra kolonier – de vi hade och de som aldrig blev av.