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A pair of molecular tweezers (syn-4) that consists of quinoline and pyrazine units fused to a bicyclic framework is presented. The tweezers were synthesised both as a racemic mixture (rac-4) and an enantiomerically pure form ((R,R,R,R)-4) starting from either racemic or enantiomerically pure bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,6-dione (3). Homochiral dimers were observed in the solid state for rac-4. The self-

Popular Abstract in Swedish Kroppens förmåga att omvandla matens energi till energi som kan användas i organen sker i små organeller som finns i alla kroppens celler, mitokondrierna. Avvikelser i mitokondrierna förorsakar därför ofta svåra sjukdomar. GRACILE syndrom är en medfödd mitokondriell sjukdom, som leder till svår tillväxthämning, problem med ämnesomsättningen och tidig död. Det finns ingeThe assembly of respiratory chain complexes in the mitochondrial inner membrane requires specific factors. Once assembled to form a mature functional complex, complex III (CIII) is a dimer consisting of two monomers, each with eleven subunits. To date, seven assembly factors for CIII are known, of which BCS1L incorporates the Rieske iron-sulfur protein (RISP) in the last stage of the assembly. The

In terrestrial ecosystems, the largest pool of amorphous silica (ASi) is stored in soils and is an important reservoir of biologically active Si for the global biogeochemical cycling of Si. Only limited data are available that quantify the size of this reservoir and often these estimates are made from the physical separation of silt-sized phytoliths, which can underestimate the ASi pool. Soil samp

In Nepal, dams have been targeted as the most viable means of energy generation. However, dam projects often necessitate the relocation and resettlement of people to make way for reservoirs; processes that may pose great challenges for affected people, given that their homes, land, and livelihoods are lost to some extent. This thesis analyzes the challenges facing the Nepali state in ensuring that

A three dimensional cohesive zone model for perpendicular to grain wood fracture analysis is derived within the framework of plasticity theory and implemented for numerical calculations by the finite element method. The criterion used for strain instability and localization to a fracture plane is according to the orthotropic Tsai-Wu criterion accounting for all six stress components. The after loc

We have analyzed theoretically the Zeeman splitting of hole-quantum-wire subband edges. As is typical for any bound state, their g factor depends on both an intrinsic g factor of the material and an additional contribution arising from a finite bound-state orbital angular momentum. We discuss the quantum-confinement-induced interplay between bulk-material and orbital effects, which is nontrivial d

Thin Al foils (50 nm and 6 mu m) were irradiated at intensities of up to 2x10(19) W cm(-2) using high contrast (10(8)) laser pulses. Ion emission from the rear of the targets was measured using a scintillator-based Thomson parabola and beam sampling 'footprint' monitor. The variation of the ion spectra and beam profile with focal spot size was systematically studied. The results show that while th

In neuroblastoma (NB) patients, minimal residual disease (MRD) can be detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) using NB-specific target genes, such as PHOX2B and TH. However, it is unknown whether the mRNA levels of these targets vary either during treatment or at relapse. If marker genes are not stably expressed, estimation of MRD levels in bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood will be hamper

Här kommer en ny artikel från utredningen över kritiska grupper av nordiska Caloplaca-arter, orangelavar. Denna gång handlar det om de isidiösa arterna inom C. herbidella-gruppen, där två svårskilda arter visade sig istället vara tre arter. Dessutom efterlyser författarna material av ett eventuellt fjärde taxon, vilket observerats i de norra delarna av Norden.

Background: The relationship between smoking and an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases is well known. Whether smokeless tobacco (snuff) is related to myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke is still controversial. Aim of this study was to explore whether snuff users have an increased incidence of MI or stroke. Methods: A total of 16 754 women and 10 473 men (aged 45-73 years), without his

The interest in organizational play is growing, both in popular business discourse and organization studies. As the presumption that play is dysfunctional for organizations is increasingly discarded, the existing positions may be divided into two camps; one proposes 'serious play' as an engine for business and the other insists that work and play are largely indistinguishable in the postindustrial

Background: Subjects with non-O ABO blood group alleles have increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Glycosyltransferase activity is greater for the A(1) versus A(2) variant, whereas O01 and O02 variants are nonfunctioning. We hypothesized: 1) A(1) allele would confer greater risk than A(2) allele, 2) protective effect of the O allele would be equivalent for O01 and O02 variants, 3) secretor phenotyp

Recent debate and associated initiatives dealing with public sector innovation have mainly aimed at improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the delivery of public services and improved transparency and user friendliness. Beyond typical administrative reforms, innovation is expected to help address societal challenges such as the aging population, inclusion, health care, education, public saf

Collaboration between industry and academia supports improvement and innovation in industry and helps to ensure industrial relevance in academic research. This article presents an exploratory study of the factors for successful collaboration between industry and academia in software research.

Recent experiments on nanoscale conductors coupled to microwave cavities showed the prospect of transport investigations of electron-photon interplay in the deep quantum regime. Here we propose a pump-probe scheme to investigate the transient dynamics of individual electron-photon excitations in a double-quantum-dot-cavity system. Excitations pumped into the system decay via charge tunneling at th

In addition to HLA, recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) have identified susceptibility loci for HL at 2p16.1, 8q24.21 and 10p14. In this study, we perform a GWAS meta-analysis with published GWAS (totalling 1,465 cases and 6,417 controls of European background), and follow-up the most significant association signals in 2,024 cases and 1,853 controls. A combine